scholarly journals EAR WAX REMOVAL: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFICACY AND ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS OF DISTILLED WATER, NORMAL SALINE AND 2% PARA DICHLOROBENZENE.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1802-1805
Author(s):  
Arshed Ali ◽  
◽  
Asif Mahajan ◽  
Mohammad Ashraf ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Ear Wax ◽  
Wax Removal

scholarly journals A comparative study between the effect of verapamil versus nalbuphine as an adjuvant in supraclavicular brachial plexus block

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ibrahim Khamis ◽  
Ahmed Saeed Mohamed ◽  
Hesham Mohamed El Azazy ◽  
Hala Salah El Ozairy ◽  
Mohamed Moien Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Plexus Block

Abstract Background Brachial plexus block has substituted general anesthesia in the majority of patients planned for upper limb surgeries as it avoids the undesired effects of the medications used in general anesthesia as well as the stress response associated with airway manipulation. Opioid agonist–antagonists such as nalbuphine are used as adjuvant to improve the anesthetic properties of bupivacaine. Verapamil has an additive effect in brachial plexus blockade in the form of decreasing the consumption of analgesics in the postoperative period with reducing onset time and extending the duration of motor and sensory blockade. The aim of this study is to investigate the adjuvant effect of verapamil versus nalbuphine to 0.5% bupivacaine in brachial plexus block as regards onset, duration of sensory and motor blockade and postoperative analgesic augmentation. The study is randomized, prospective, double-blinded, comparative study where 90 patients subjected to arm, forearm and hand surgeries were randomized into three groups, group A received 30 ml of plain bupivacaine 0.5% plus 2 ml of normal saline, group B received 30 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% plus 2 ml verapamil equivalent to 5 mg, group C received 30 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% plus 10 mg of nalbuphine diluted in 2 ml of normal saline. Results Results of this study showed that group C and group B sensory block time onset was 7.25 ± 1.5 vs. 10.92 ± 3.84 min, P < 0.001 and was shorter than that in group A (13.2 ± 2.66 min). In addition, the motor block onset was (11.10 ± 1.24 vs. 13.50 ± 3.77 min, P < 0.001) shorter than group A (17.16 ± 1.30 min). In group C and group B, sensory block duration was 396 ± 32.17 vs. 355.83 ± 18.48 min, P < 0.001, respectively and was longer than that in group A (321.13 ± 25.08 min). Also, there was prolonged motor block duration in group C and group B recording (338.92 ± 25.2 vs. 302.93 ± 15.24 min, P < 0.001) and was longer than that in group A (280.70 ± 32.35 min). Time of demand of rescue analgesia dose was significantly long in group C and group B (449.53 ± 52.45 vs. 418.13 ± 41.12 min, P < 0.001) and was longer than group A (361.31 ± 21.42 min). Both verapamil and nalbuphine have additive effect to bupivacaine improving the all anesthetic parameters of the block. Conclusion Both drugs produce favorable enhancement of time onset and effective prolongation of duration of sensory and motor blockade and extend the period of postoperative analgesia with superiority to nalbuphine over verapamil.

scholarly journals Effect of 2% Lignocaine Solution in Pain During Removal of Nasal Pack

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Ashish Dhakal ◽  
Bikash Lal Shrestha ◽  
Monika Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Nasal Packing ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Left Nostril ◽  
Normal Saline Group ◽  
Nasal Pack ◽  
Control Side ◽  
Group 5

Background: Nasal packing is commonly done after septal surgeries. Nonabsorbable nasal pack is used to minimize bleeding from surgery site, support the mucoperichondrial flaps, and minimize the risk of formation of septal hematomas and adhesions. However, these materials cause pain and discomfort in-situ as well as during removal. This study was done to evaluate the effect of 2% lignocaine rehydration of nasal pack on pain during pack removal. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 60 patients who had undergone septoplasty. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Lignocaine and Normal saline group, with 30 patients each. In the Lignocaine group, 2.5 ml of 2% of lignocaine was diluted with 2.5 ml of distilled water and was injected into the nasal pack; and in Normal saline group, 5 ml of normal saline was injected into the nasal pack. Nothing was injected to the left nostril, which acted as a control, in both groups. All patients were asked severity of pain during removal of nasal packing by VAS. Results: In lignocaine group, mean pain score was 3.73 ± 1.63 on lignocaine side and 6.23 ± 1.69 on control side (U=109.5, p<0.001). In Normal saline group, it was 6.5 ± 1.7 on normal saline side and 6.23 ± 1.96 on control side (U=425.5, p=0.711). On comparing VAS between lignocaine and normal saline group, pain was significantly lower in the lignocaine group (U=112.5, p<0.001) Conclusion: Rehydrating nasal pack with 2% topical lignocaine is a useful method to reduce pain during nasal pack removal.

scholarly journals The Toxin of the Bacillus Enteritidis of Gärtner

1906 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Cathcart
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Infected Meat

1. Cultures of Gärtner's bacillus grown on broth do not excrete any large amount of toxin into the fluid medium.2. Suspension in broth made from ordinary agar cultures and killed by means of heat (30 mins. at 60°C.) are fairly toxic.3. The most toxic preparations were obtained by autolysis of the bacilli, especially in the presence of toluol.4. Cultures grown on agar and killed by means of chloroform vapour lose their toxicity to a considerable extent.5. Autolysis takes place best in the presence of distilled water or of normal saline.6. Autolysed material sterilised by heat is more toxic than the filtrate obtained from the same digest.7. Shaking the bottles during the process of autolysis increases the yield of toxic substances.8. Gärtner toxin withstands heating to 100°C. for 30 mins.9. Paratyphoid B. bacillus cultures on autolysis yield a filtrate quite as toxic as those from the Gärtner bacillus itself.10. Paratyphoid toxin is also heat resistant (100° for 30 mins.).11. A colon bacillus gave a toxin which was fatal to mice. It was not heat resistant.12. Feeding experiments with Gärtner-infected meat, both cooked and uncooked, proved successful.13. So far as the present experiments go the connection between virulence and toxicity does not appear to be very definite.14. The Gärtner bacillus contains a toxin of the endotoxin type as is shown in comparing results 1 and 3. This toxin gives rise to very definite clinical symptoms of which the gluing together of the eyelids and the prolonged narcosis before death are the most notable. The post-mortem signs have much in common with those arising from other intestinal intoxications.

scholarly journals Ear wax removal: a survey of current practice.

BMJ ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 301 (6763) ◽  
pp. 1251-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Sharp ◽  
J A Wilson ◽  
L Ross ◽  
R M Barr-Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Ear Wax ◽  
Wax Removal

scholarly journals The role of mouthwash sampling in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaf Biber ◽  
Dana Lev ◽  
Michal Mandelboim ◽  
Yaniv Lustig ◽  
Geva Harmelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
R Genes ◽  
The World ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

Background The current practice of COVID 19 diagnosis worldwide is the use of oro nasopharyngeal (ONP) swabs. Our study aim was to explore mouthwash (MW) as an alternative diagnostic method, in light of the disadvantages of ONP swabs. Methods Covid-19 outpatients molecular confirmed by ONP swab were repeatedly examined with ONP swab and MW with normal saline (0.9%). Other types of fluids were compared to normal saline. The Cq values obtained with each method were compared. Results Among 137 pairs of ONP swabs and MW samples, 84.6% (116/137) of ONP swabs were positive by at least one of the genes (N, E, R). However MW detected 70.8% (97/137) of samples as positive, which means 83.6% (97/116) out of positive ONP swabs, missing mainly Cq value>30. In both methods, the N gene was the most sensitive one. Therefore MW samples targeting N gene, which was positive in 95/137 (69.3%), is comparable to ONP-swabs targeting E and R genes which gave equal results; 95/137 (69.3%) and 90/137 (65.7%) respectively. Comparing saline MW to distilled water gave equal results, while commercial mouth-rinsing solutions were less sensitive. Conclusions MW with normal saline, especially when tested by N gene, can effectively detect COVID 19 patients. Furthermore, this method was not inferior when compared to R and E genes of ONP swabs, which are common targets in many laboratories around the world.

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