Genetic diversity and association analysis among Egyptian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes with different adaptations to saline conditions analyzed by SSR markers

Study of the genetic diversity of Korean, Chinese and Japanese landraces of barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) using microsatellitesBarley (Hordeum vulgareL.) is one of important winter cereals in the world and has been the subject of numerous genetic investigations. Studies of its genetic diversity based on germplasm have a significant impact on crop breeding and conservation of genetic resources. This study was conducted to reveal the genetic diversity in barley landraces from Korean, Chinese and Japanese populations and evaluate the discrimination ability of SSR markers, distributed uniformly throughout the barley genome. Seven SSR primers were used to screen a set of 737 diverse barley landraces from Korea, China and Japan. The observed number of alleles per locus (Na), the effective number of alleles (Ne), and the mean gene diversity (He) were 11.14, 3.6245 and 0.7048, respectively. The number of alleles per locus was highest in Chinese landraces (8.9 alleles), followed by Korean (8.6) and Japanese (6.4). In this regard, HVKASI primer may be useful to distinguish Japanese landraces from others, as this unique allele was only detected at 175 bp in Japanese landraces. The average value of genetic distance was D=0.935. The largest genetic distance (D=1.209) among the three regional (representing each country in general) populations was found between Korean and Japanese populations. Based on the UPGMA dendrogram, four major groups can be distinguished at the similarity value of 0.43. The scatter plot showed overlapping in the central part amongst 3 groups of barley landraces. SSR markers are a powerful tool to examine functional diversity. Rich barley gene pool can be very useful for meeting current and future challenges in barley raising.

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Serbian Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Collection during a 40-Year Long Breeding Period

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

Ljiljana Brbaklić ◽

Dragana Trkulja ◽

Sanja Mikić ◽

Milan Mirosavljević ◽

Vojislava Momčilović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Breeding Period ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Breeding Material

Determination of genetic diversity and population structure of breeding material is an important prerequisite for discovering novel and valuable alleles aimed at crop improvement. This study’s main objective was to characterize genetic diversity and population structure of a collection representing a 40-year long historical period of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding, using microsatellites, pedigree, and phenotypic data. The set of 90 barley genotypes was phenotyped during three growing seasons and genotyped with 338 polymorphic alleles. The indicators of genetic diversity showed differentiation changes throughout the breeding periods. The population structure discriminated the breeding material into three distinctive groups. The principal coordinate analysis grouped the genotypes according to their growth habit and row type. An analysis of phenotypic variance (ANOVA) showed that almost all investigated traits varied significantly between row types, seasons, and breeding periods. A positive effect on yield progress during the 40-year long breeding period could be partly attributed to breeding for shorter plants, which reduced lodging and thus provided higher yield stability. The breeding material revealed a considerable diversity level based on microsatellite and phenotypic data without a tendency of genetic erosion throughout the breeding history and implied dynamic changes in genetic backgrounds, providing a great gene pool suitable for further barley improvement.

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