scholarly journals Measurement of Work Function of Electrodes in Low Pressure Hg Discharge Lamps Using Photoelectric Effect

2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 762-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeo Gotoh ◽  
Motoi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Photoelectric Effect

scholarly journals THE THERMAL FORM OF THE PHOTOEFFECT WITH THE DEBYE AND THE WIGNER CRYSTAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pardy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Radiative Correction ◽  
Photoelectric Effect ◽  
Wigner Crystal ◽  
Photon Propagator ◽  
Crystal Medium

We define the photoelectric effect with the specific heat term replacing the work function. The photon propagator involving the radiative correction is also considered. We consider the Debye specific head for the 3D crystal medium, the specific heat for the 2D medium and specific heat for the Wigner crystal.

Conversion of UV and Visible Photons to Photoelectrons

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Photoelectric Effect ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Adsorbed Layers ◽  
Uv Photons

The operation of most of gaseous photomultipliers is based either on gas photoionization or on photoelectric effect from solid photocathodes. There have also been attempts to use liquid photocathodes which offer lower ionization thresholds compared to the corresponding vapors. A great success has been achieved with solid photocathodes covered with adsorbed layers of some photosensitive vapors which reduce the cathode work function and as a result extend the photosensitivity threshold towards long wavelengths. It also enhances their quantum efficiencies sometime on a factor of two. The main physic mechanisms of interactions of UV photons with gases as well as with liquid and solid photocathodes are described in detail in this chapter. This basic knowledge is important when designing and using gaseous photodetectors.

The free electron theory of metals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Solymar ◽  
D. Walsh ◽  
R. R. A. Syms
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Density Of States ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
Photoelectric Effect ◽  
Electron Theory ◽  
Dirac Distribution

The model of the free electron theory is presented. The density of states and the Fermi–Dirac distribution function are discussed, leading to the specific heat of the electrons, the work function, thermionic emission, and the Schottky effects. As examples of applications the field-emission microscope and quartz–halogen lamps are discussed. The photoelectric effect and the energy diagrams relating to the junction between two metals are also discussed.

Low pressure hydrogen sensing based on carbon nanotube field emission: Mechanism of atomic adsorption induced work function effects

Carbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Zhao ◽  
Jianqiu Cai ◽  
Haijun Luo ◽  
Song Kang ◽  
Weijin Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Emission Mechanism ◽  
Hydrogen Sensing ◽  
Atomic Adsorption ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

scholarly journals Зависимости теплофизических параметров активированных термоэмиссионных катодов от тока в стационарном дуговом разряде

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (19) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Б.Д. Цыдыпов ◽  
И.Г. Симаков ◽  
С.Б. Базарова
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Minimal Level ◽  
Thermophysical Characteristics ◽  
Nonmonotonic Dependence ◽  
Specific Erosion ◽  
First Time ◽  
Extension Length

AbstractThe influence of electrical current (in the range 20–150 A) on the thermophysical characteristics of activated thermal cathodes (W + 2% ThO_2) in a freely glowing low-pressure argon arc is investigated. For the first time, the dependences of key cathode parameters, such as the heat flux at the electrode, the voltage equivalent of the heat, the specific erosion, and the distributions of the temperature and work function over the extension length of the cathode from the holder, are obtained. A nonmonotonic dependence of the specific erosion on the electrical current with a minimal level at 50–60 A is noted.

A micromachined surface work-function gas sensor for low-pressure oxygen detection

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Bergstrom ◽  
S.V. Patel ◽  
J.W. Schwank ◽  
K.D. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Detection ◽  
Pressure Oxygen ◽  
Surface Work ◽  
Surface Work Function

A Novel Method for True Work Function Determination of Metal Surfaces by Combined Kelvin Probe and Photoelectric Effect Measurements

2000 ◽  
Vol 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Lägel ◽  
Iain D. Baikie ◽  
Konrad Dirscherl ◽  
Uwe Petermann
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Photoelectric Effect ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Novel Method

ABSTRACTWe have developed a novel method for in-situ measurements of the true work function (ø) of metal surfaces by combined ultra-high vacuum compatible Kelvin Probe and photoelectric effect measurements. The work function is an extremely sensitive parameter of surface condition and can be used to study oxidation and thin film growth on metal surfaces. For example, the increase in ø due to oxidation of polycrystalline rhenium is 1.9eV.The Kelvin Probe measures local work function differences between a conducting sample and a reference tip in a non-contact, truly non-invasive way over a wide temperature range. However, it is an inherently relative technique and does not provide an absolute work function if the work function of the tip (øtip) is unknown.We present a novel approach to measure øtip with the Kelvin Probe via the photoelectric effect, using a Gd foil as the photoelectron source, hereby combining the advantages of both methods to provide the absolute work function of the sample surface. We demonstrate the application of the technique by in-situ work function measurements during oxidation of polycrystalline rhenium. The extended Kelvin Probe method therefore has potential applications as a characterisation tool for thin film epitaxy and work function engineering of surfaces.

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