THE EFFECT OF LOW-DOSE DROSPIRENONE AND 17β-ESTRADIOL FOR CORRECTION OF THE MANIFESTATIONS OF CLIMACTERIC SYNDROME IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Vasomotor symptoms are the most common symptoms of menopause, requiring treatment with estrogen and/or progestogen. Recent international guidelines recognize the need to use the lowest effective dose of hormone replacement therapy. Drospirenone (DR) in combination with 17β-estradiol (E2) is used as hormone therapy (HT) for relief the symptoms and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.The review presents data of 2 large randomized controlled studies that evaluated the lowest effective dose combination DRSP/ E2, the safety of this dose for endometrium, identified features of its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, depending on various factors. The minimum effective dose for the relief of hot flushes without causing any significant impact on the endometrium is DRSP of 0,25 mg/E2 of 0,5 mg. According to the results of the pharmacokinetic study a correlation between effectiveness of low dose DRSP/E2 with DRSP and E2 exposure levels was showed, and smoking reduces the effectiveness of hormonal therapy. This drug not only copes with moderate to severe hot flushes, but also reduces the incidence of symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy, improving quality of life.

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Body composition and quality of life in adults with growth hormone deficiency; effects of low-dose growth hormone replacement

Clinical Endocrinology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01275.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 709-717 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Aftab M. Ahmad ◽

Marion T. Hopkins ◽

Joegi Thomas ◽

Hisham Ibrahim ◽

William D. Fraser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Body Composition ◽

Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽

Low Dose ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Growth Hormone Replacement

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Efficacy and safety of a low-dose continuous combined hormone replacement therapy with 0.5 mg 17β-estradiol and 2.5 mg dydrogesterone in subgroups of postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms

Maturitas ◽

10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 139 ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Sophia Tsiligiannis ◽

Bettina C. Wick-Urban ◽

Jan van der Stam ◽

John C. Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Low Dose ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Vasomotor Symptoms ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

17Β Estradiol

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The long-term effects of low-dose 17β-estradiol and dydrogesterone hormone replacement therapy on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive postmenopausal women: a 1-year randomized, prospective study

Climacteric ◽

10.1080/13697130601003094 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 437-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. Kaya ◽

S. Dinçer Cengiz ◽

B. Cengiz ◽

G. Akgün

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Low Dose ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

17Β Estradiol

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Small doses of levodopa for parkinson’s disease

Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin ◽

10.1136/dtb.28.14.55 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 28 (14) ◽

pp. 55-56

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Low Dose ◽

Dopa Decarboxylase ◽

Decarboxylase Inhibitor ◽

Minimum Effective Dose ◽

Small Doses ◽

Full Discussion ◽

Low Strength

Our last full discussion of Parkinson’s disease recommended using the minimum effective dose of levodopa in combination with a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor1 - carbidopa in Sinemet (co-careldopa) and benserazide in Madopar (co-beneldopa). Combined formulations offer levodopa in various doses together with an inhibitor: Madopar 62.5 contains levodopa 50mg + benserazide 12.5mg base; low strength Sinemet, Sinemet-LS, contains levodopa 50mg + carbidopa 12.5mg. Both these preparations offer a relatively low dose but the Sinemet-LS tablet is scored and the 62.5mg tablet of Madopar Dispersible can be broken so that even lower doses can be used. This article examines when these small doses are useful.

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The Debate Over Testosterone Replacement in Aging Men

US Endocrinology ◽

10.17925/use.2005.00.01.81 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 00 (01) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Eugene Shippen

Keyword(s):

Hormone Replacement ◽

Testosterone Replacement ◽

Health Issues ◽

Male Population ◽

Randomized Controlled Studies ◽

Aging Men ◽

The Media ◽

The Many

Testosterone replacement is at the center of intense debate for its proper uses, its benefits, and its potential long-term side effects.With the growing number of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved methods for testosterone replacement in deficient men, particularly the aging male population, the subject has taken on growing importance that impacts every specialty. Lacking in the debate are the scientific answers derived from long-term, randomized, controlled studies. The media blitz regarding health issues for both men and women, particularly regarding hormone replacement therapy and new questions of safety for different hormonal treatments spurred by the Women’s Health Initiative, leaves clinicians and patients struggling with the decision of whether to use these methods of replacement to relieve the many troubling symptoms of deficiency that significantly impair quality of life during the aging years. The key question of any treatment regards the risk/benefit ratio for a given patient and whether the treatment provides reasonable expectation of improvement in symptoms or disease state with reasonable risks of adverse events.

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Improvement of quality of life and menopausal symptoms in climacteric women treated with low-dose monthly parenteral formulations of non-polymeric microspheres of 17β-estradiol/progesterone

Gynecological Endocrinology ◽

10.1080/09513590.2016.1183628 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 831-834 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Manuel Cortés-Bonilla ◽

Rosalba Alonso-Campero ◽

Roberto Bernardo-Escudero ◽

María T. Francisco-Doce ◽

Juan Chavarín-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Low Dose ◽

Menopausal Symptoms ◽

Polymeric Microspheres ◽

17Β Estradiol ◽

Parenteral Formulations

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Age- and Gender-Related Use of Low-Dose Drug Therapy: The Need to Manufacture Low-Dose Therapy and Evaluate the Minimum Effective Dose

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01290.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 954-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Paula A. Rochon ◽

Geoffrey M. Anderson ◽

Jack V. Tu ◽

Jerry H. Gurwitz ◽

Jocalyn P. Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Therapy ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Low Dose ◽

Minimum Effective Dose ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Dose Therapy ◽

And Gender

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Visual Evaluation of Image Quality of a Low Dose 2D/3D Slot Scanner Imaging System Compared to Two Conventional Digital Radiography X-ray Imaging Systems

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11101932 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1932

Author(s):

Ahmed Jibril Abdi ◽

Bo Mussmann ◽

Alistair Mackenzie ◽

Oke Gerke ◽

Gitte Maria Jørgensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Quality ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Digital Radiography ◽

Low Dose ◽

Imaging System ◽

Weighted Kappa ◽

Imaging Systems ◽

Human Observer ◽

Intraobserver Agreement

The purpose of this study was to assess the image quality of the low dose 2D/3D slot scanner (LDSS) imaging system compared to conventional digital radiography (DR) imaging systems. Visual image quality was assessed using the visual grading analysis (VGA) method. This method is a subjective approach that uses a human observer to evaluate and optimise radiographic images for different imaging technologies. Methods and materials: ten posterior-anterior (PA) and ten lateral (LAT) images of a chest anthropomorphic phantoms and a knee phantom were acquired by an LDSS imaging system and two conventional DR imaging systems. The images were shown in random order to three (chest) radiologists and three experienced (knee) radiographers, who scored the images against a number of criteria. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was assessed using Fleiss’ kappa and weighted kappa. Results: the statistical comparison of the agreement between the observers showed good interobserver agreement, with Fleiss’ kappa coefficients of 0.27–0.63 and 0.23–0.45 for the chest and knee protocols, respectively. Comparison of intraobserver agreement also showed good agreement with weighted kappa coefficients of 0.27–0.63 and 0.23–0.45 for the chest and knee protocols, respectively. The LDSS imaging system achieved significantly higher VGA image quality compared to the DR imaging systems in the AP and LAT chest protocols (p < 0.001). However, the LDSS imaging system achieved lower image quality than one DR system (p ≤ 0.016) and equivalent image quality to the other DR systems (p ≤ 0.27) in the knee protocol. The LDSS imaging system achieved effective dose savings of 33–52% for the chest protocol and 30–35% for the knee protocol compared with DR systems. Conclusions: this work has shown that the LDSS imaging system has the potential to acquire chest and knee images at diagnostic quality and at a lower effective dose than DR systems.

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Continuous combined low-dose hormone replacement therapy in perimenopause: an algorithm of choice

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2021-3-113-118 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

O. V. Yakushevskaya

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Estrogen Deficiency ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Estradiol Valerate ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Age Related ◽

Dose Combination

In the age of broad medical options, women’s health has received sufficient attention. The different periods of a woman’s life are characterised by specific physiological changes, based on the age-related characteristics of the reproductive system. The onset of menopause can have a negative impact on health in varying degrees. Clinicians have a clear understanding of the effects of estrogen deficiency and the therapeutic options for managing it with menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and alternative methods of treatment. However, to date, methods for optimising and individualising the correction of menopausal disorders continue to improve. The individualization of MHT is aimed at increasing the efficacy of menopausal management and minimizing possible adverse events. Individualization is based on the selection of a hormone drug taking into account age, menopausal status, somatic health of the woman and her main complaints against the background of estrogen deficiency. The next stage of transformation of MHT concerned the composition of the drugs and the doses of their components. The evolution of the estrogenic component began with the use of conjugated estrogens, whose metabolism is not fully clarified, and stopped at the production of bioidentical estrogens (17p-estradiol and estradiol valerate), which in their structure are as close as possible to ovarian estradiol. The type, dose and combination of estrogens and progestogens determine the severity and specificity of the effect of the hormone. This article will present a clinical case study of the low- and ultra-low-dose combination of 17p-estradiol and dydrogesterone (E/DG).

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