Heterogeneous patterns of old-age vulnerability and loneliness from the cross-national comparative perspective

Loneliness has been extensively examined as a major risk factor for mortality and morbidity among older adults. In this research, we identified multi-dimensional patterns of old-age vulnerability in five countries (U.S., Korea, Sweden, Germany, Italy) guided by the welfare regime framework and examined how the patterns of vulnerability are associated with loneliness in old age in each country. Data were drawn from comparative national aging data: HRS for the U.S. (n=4331), KLOSA for Korea (n=3721), SHARE for Sweden (n=2746), Germany (n=2271), and Italy (n=2988). We used three vulnerability constructs: 1) material vulnerability (poverty, high out-of-pocket expenses for health care, unaffordability for housing), 2) health vulnerability (multiple chronic condition, depression), and 3) social vulnerability (living alone, contact with children and friend, social participation). Latent Class Analysis and regression analyses were used for data analysis. The relative proportion of the least vulnerable group varies substantially (from 11.88% in Italy to 59.33% in the U.S). In Sweden and Germany, around 7% of the sample belongs to the most vulnerable group, while in other countries the most vulnerable group was not found. Notably, in Italy, older people in the social vulnerable group were more likely to feel lonely when compared to least vulnerable, suggesting the country-specific significance of social supportive environment. This study is the first research to examine the empirical structure of the concept and how it may vary across countries related to their loneliness. A full discussion of country-specific discussion and policy implication will be presented.

Emotional Frustration and US Regime Change

This chapter contains the theoretical framework of the book and its research design. After presenting the book’s level of analysis and justifying the focus on US presidents, it introduces a full discussion of the book’s core concept, emotional frustration, by turning to its three conceptual components—hegemonic expectations, perceptions of hatred in target state conduct as its cognitive dimension, and negative affect as its affective dimension. Once emotionally frustrated, US presidents put a premium on the use of force and desire the removal of irredeemable foreign leaders. Emotional frustration exhibits negative valence like other anger emotions but is a distinct emotional syndrome. To identify it empirically, the chapter then presents the book’s use of qualitative sentiment analysis and self-reporting. It also justifies the case selection strategy and defines a range of observable implications of the book’s core argument.

Effects of Work–Family Conflict on Southern Correctional Staff Burnout

Research examining correctional staff indicates that there are far-reaching negative consequences related to job burnout, including, but not limited to, diminished physical and mental health, increased risk of substance use, and decreased job performance. One area that may contribute to correctional staff job burnout is work–family conflict, which occurs when work and home domains spill into one another, causing conflict and problems. Using a sample of Southern correctional staff, this study investigates whether the four major types of work–family conflict—time-based, strain-based, behavior-based, and family-based—influence the three recognized job burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feeling ineffective at work. The findings provide partial support for the notion that work–family conflict influences job burnout. These findings are contextualized in previous research with a full discussion of their implications.

A Noble Security Analysis of Various Distributed Systems

Distributed systems increased the performance of a system by allowing applications to be processed in parallel. It helps us to share resources like printers, computers, storage facilities, data, files, web pages, networks, and thus it reduces the cost by shaing a single resource among several users instead of multiple resources. Since multiple machines communicate with each other through the network so they can be easily affected by the attacker and the full system should be corrupted. Users can access remote and local resources but they also may not aware of which machines their processes are running on. So, secure communiction of a distributed system is the most important issue. We need to analyze various vulnerabilities and can take proper protection of the system. In this paper, we discuss different architectural styles of distributed systems. Also, hold up different threads and protection mechanisms to get rid of these threads. The most focusing part of this paper is a summary of various distributed systems security. Here we hold up different distributed system security techniques like SSSE algorithm, BLCS architecture, ODIS algorithm, two eavesdropper model, dynamic cuckoo filter, etc. Finally, we summarize the full discussion like used methodology or architecture, advantages, disadvantages, accuracy, and future work in a table by which an author can easily gather knowledge about the summary of this paper. To better understanding, we show the result of various papers with a visual representation. I think it helps authors to know about security techniques and grow interested to work in this area.

Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium

This concise textbook, the first volume in the Ohio State Astrophysics Series, covers all aspects of the interstellar and intergalactic medium for graduate students and advanced undergraduates. This series aims to impart the essential knowledge on a topic that every astrophysics graduate student should know, without going into encyclopedic depth. This text includes a full discussion of the circumgalactic medium, which bridges the space between the interstellar and intergalactic gas, and the hot intracluster gas that fills clusters of galaxies. Its breadth of coverage is innovative, as most current textbooks treat the interstellar medium in isolation. The authors emphasise an order-of-magnitude understanding of the physical processes that heat and cool the low-density gas in the universe, as well as the processes of ionization, recombination, and molecule formation. Problems at the end of each chapter are supplemented by online projects, data sets and other resources.

9. Control of a company

This chapter discusses how control of a company can be identified and how it can change. The chapter considers takeovers, the City Code and compulsory acquisition of remaining shares. There is full discussion of the provisions for disclosure of significant holdings both to warn of potential takeover moves and to disclose in the public interest who has significant control of a company. Shares in public companies may be held by nominee owners and this may disguise the fact that one person is building up a significant holding. The statutory definitions of holding company, subsidiary and wholly owned subsidiary are considered.

Family Law in America

This book examines the present state of family law in America. The third edition captures recent developments, including the transformation of the institution of marriage from being a relationship between a man and a woman to encompassing same-sex marriage. In this regard, the book includes a full discussion and analysis of Obergefell v. Hodges. Obergefell v. Hodges is the U.S. Supreme Court case that held in a 5-4 decision that the bans on same-sex marriage in Michigan, Kentucky, Ohio, and Tennessee were unconstitutional. The Court held that the right to marry a person of the same sex is protected by the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, and therefore may not be denied in any state.

Priority Setting in the Polish Health Care System According to Patients’ Perspective

Identification of health priorities is concerned with equitable distribution of resources and is an important part of strategic planning in the health care system. The aim of this article is to describe health priorities in the Polish health care system from the patients’ perspective. The study included 533 patients hospitalized in the Lodz region. The average age of the respondents was 48.5 years and one third (36.6%) had university education. Most of the respondents (64.9%) negatively assessed the functioning of the health care system in Poland. Most of them claimed the following aspects require improvements: financing health services (85.8%), determining priorities in health care (80.3%), the role of health insurance (80.3%), and medical education (70.8%). Over 70% of the respondents agreed the role of politicians in designing and implementing health system reforms should be limited. The fact that the respondents so negatively assessed the Polish health care system implies there is a need for full discussion on redefining health priorities.

Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A New Thread in Pandemic Era

After the perturbing effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic, we observed intense public health efforts in a global-scale to prevent, control, and treat the SARS-CoV-2. Hundreds of clinical center researched for adequate treatments, other were devoted to the development the COVID-19 vaccines and other studied the nature and the effects of this mutant coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. As time goes by, the pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome has been recently defined and associated the COVID-19 past infection and is now considered a shot to middle-term complication of COVID-19. In this paper, we review the actual concepts of PIMS in children, the epidemiology, the clinical presentation, and evolution, the recommended laboratory and other testing. The recommended specialties interconsultation for hospitalized patients and a full discussion on the appropriate treatment of these patients. We include the Latin-American experience with PIMS and a final discussion on the outcome of this disease.

Approach to Managing a Postmenopausal Patient

Case and Principles of Management The case of a symptomatic, postmenopausal woman is presented and a full discussion of the approach to her management is discussed. Pertinent guidelines and scientific evidence are emphasized as support for the recommendations.