Let Down by the Facts: The General Court Annuls the European Commission Decision on Irish Tax Arrangement for Apple · Joined Cases T-778/16 and T-892/16 Ireland and Others v European Commission · Annotation by Veronika Korom

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
V. E. Korom
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Commission Decision

scholarly journals Insights from the Slovak Hybrid Mail Services Case. Case Comment to the Judgement of the General Court of 25 March 2015 and Order of Court of Justice of the EU of 30 June 2016 Slovenská pošta v Commission (Cases T-556/08, C-293/15P)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 191-203
Author(s):  
Karolis Kačerauskas
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Commission Decision ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Article 102 Tfeu ◽  
The Eu

The Slovak hybrid mail services case (or Slovenska posta case) is truly unique in EU jurisprudence. Within the last decade, the European Commission rarely applied Article 106(1) in conjunction with Article 102 TFEU to challenge competition distortions in individual cases. Thus Slovenska posta constitutes one of the rare examples of such enforcement. Slovenska posta also constitutes a very rare example of a judicial review of Commission decisions based on Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU. Slovenska posta is only the second case when European courts were called upon to review the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU by the Commission and the first when the judicial review was conducted over a Commission decision regarding “failure to meet the demand”. Indeed, since 1989–1990 (when the Commission commenced to apply Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU to challenge competition distortions introduced by the Member States) and until 2014, when the Court of Justice adopted its decision in Greek lignite (DEI) case, none of the Commission decisions was reviewed by EU courts. Such lack of appeals resulted in a rather strange situation under which the Commission and CJEU developed their own jurisprudence on the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU and occasionally interpreted the same legal criteria differently. In this regard, a court review in Slovenska posta was eagerly awaited in the hope it would reconcile these diverging positions and provide more clarity on the application of Article 106(1) and 102 TFEU.

Total Mercury and Methylmercury Content in Edible Fish from the Mediterranean Sea

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. STORELLI ◽  
R. GIACOMINELLI STUFFLER ◽  
A. STORELLI ◽  
G. O. MARCOTRIGIANO
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Blue Whiting ◽  
Commission Decision ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mediterranean

The objective of this study was to determine the current levels of total mercury and methyl mercury in the muscle tissues of different fish species caught in the Mediterranean Sea to ascertain whether these concentrations exceed the maximum level stipulated by the European Commission Decision. Total mercury concentrations in the muscles of skates ranged from 0.18 to 1.85 mg/kg (wet weight) (average, 1.00 mg/kg) while levels of 0.11 to 1.92 mg/kg (wet weight) (average, 0.70 mg/kg) and 0.21 to 1.74 mg/kg (wet weight) (average, 0.70 mg/kg) were recorded for blue whiting and red mullet, respectively. For 66.7% of long nose skate samples, 61.4% of thornback ray samples, 42.8% of winter skate samples, and 38% of starry ray samples, the total mercury concentrations exceeded the prescribed legal limit (1.0 mg/kg [wet weight]). Concentrations exceeding the maximum total mercury level stipulated by the European Commission Decision (0.5 mg/kg [wet weight]) were observed in 63.6 and 40% of blue whiting and striped mullet samples, respectively. Mercury was present in the different species almost completely in the methylated form at 55 to 100%. Weekly intakes were estimated and compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake recommended by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives.

MasterCard II: The Commission Pursues Its Antitrust Enforcement in Cross-Border Payments

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Sari Suurnäkki ◽  
Jaime Rodríguez-Toquero Aymerich
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
Commission Decision ◽  
Cross Border

Abstract Case AT.40049 MasterCard II, Commission Decision of 22 January 2019 The European Commission finds that Mastercard’s cross-border acquiring rule limited the possibility for merchants to benefit from cheaper services offered by banks established elsewhere in the Single Market; Mastercard’s cooperation during the antitrust investigation was rewarded with a fine reduction.

scholarly journals Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) farmed in the Adriatic Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 175-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Srebocan ◽  
J. Pompe-Gotal ◽  
A. Prevendar-Crnic ◽  
E. Ofner
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Thunnus Thynnus ◽  
Commission Decision ◽  
Wet Weight

Levels of total mercury in the muscle (29 samples) and liver tissue (15 samples) of bluefin tuna (<i>Thunnus thynnus</i>) weighing 100&minus;300 kg were determined by cold vapour atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy. Tunas were previously captured in the waters of Malta, towed to the farm in the Adriatic Sea and fattened with defrosted herring and sardine for the period of 6 to 7 months. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the magnitude of mercury contamination and to ascertain whether the concentrations in muscle tissue exceeded the maximum level defined by the European Commission Decision (1 &mu;g/g wet weight). Total mercury concentrations in the muscle tissue of tunas ranged from 0.49 to 1.809 (median 0.899 &mu;g/g wet weight) while in the liver tissue it was from 0.324 to 3.248 (median 1.165 &mu;g/g wet weight). Total mercury concentrations in six samples of sardine ranged from 0.050 to 0.072 &mu;g/g wet weight while two samples of herring contained 0.020 and 0.053 &mu;g/g wet weight. Twelve out of 29 (41%) muscle samples of tuna contained mercury above the maximum level defined by the European Commission Decision. It is generally believed that mercury levels in Mediterranean fish are higher than those of the other seas or oceans due to numerous deposits of mercury ores and metallic mercury in surrounding countries.

scholarly journals LC-MS/MS Determination of 21 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Residues in Animal Milk and Muscles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5892
Author(s):  
Marta Pietruk ◽  
Piotr Jedziniak ◽  
Małgorzata Olejnik
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Chromatographic Column ◽  
Commission Decision ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Animal Milk ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

The presented procedure combines experience from two LC-MS/MS methods previously developed by our team for NSAIDs determination in meat and milk. The novelty was a modification of sample preparation and combining LC-MS/MS method for milk and muscle. The clean-up procedure was investigated, leading to a change from SPE to dSPE with C18 bulk sorbent. Unlike most of the existing methods, chromatographic separation was achieved on a C8 chromatographic column. This method was developed and validated under European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Recovery for milk samples values between 86.3% to 108%, with the coefficient of variation, varied from 5.51% to 16.2%. The recovery for muscle was calculated to be between 85.0% and 109%, and the coefficient of variation was—4.73% to 16.6%. The validation results prove that the method is suitable for confirmatory purposes in milk and muscle. Of 452 samples tested in 2019 and 2020, two have been identified as non-compliant.

scholarly journals What Role for EU Competition Law in Regulated Industries? Reflections on the Judgment of the General Court of 17 December 2015 Orange Polska v European Commission (Case T-486/11)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 265-277
Author(s):  
Sandra Marco Colino
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Commission Decision ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Broadband Services ◽  
Regulated Industries ◽  
New Entrants

On 17th December 2015, the General Court of the European Union (GC) confirmed a fine of over EUR 127 million imposed by the European Commission (hereinafter the Commission) on the Polish telecommunications company Orange Polska (hereinafter OP), formerly known as Telekomunikacja Polska. According to the fining decision, issued in 2011 (hereinafter the Commission decision), OP abused its dominant position by refusing access to its wholesale broadband services to new entrants, acting in contravention of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).

Total Mercury Levels in Muscle Tissue of Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) from the Mediterranean Sea (Italy)

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1058-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. STORELLI ◽  
G. O. MARCOTRIGIANO
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Thunnus Thynnus ◽  
Commission Decision ◽  
Xiphias Gladius ◽  
The Mediterranean

This study was carried out to determine the current levels of total mercury in the muscle tissue of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the Mediterranean Sea with the purpose of ascertaining whether the concentrations exceeded the maximum level fixed by the European Commission Decision. In addition, specimens of each species were divided into different ranges of weight to investigate the influence of size on mercury accumulation in order to provide data upon which commercial fishing strategies and marketing of swordfish and bluefin tuna may be based. Higher mean levels of total mercury were found in bluefin tuna (1.02 μg g−1 wet wt) than in swordfish (0.49 μg g−1 wet wt). In 4.3% of swordfish and in 44.3% of bluefin tuna analyzed, total mercury concentrations exceeded the maximum level fixed by the European Commission Decision (Hg = 1 μg g−1 wet wt). Besides, for bluefin tuna the total mercury level variability observed, due to size, suggests that there should be greater regulatory control by the authorities.

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