LANDSCAPE STUDY OF CHEBOKSARY AND KUYBYSHEV RESERVOIRS COASTS FOR RECREATIONAL USING

Author(s):  
Anna Gumenyuk ◽  
Anna Gumenyuk ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Inna Nikonorova

The plot of study is Cheboksary and its suburbans and located on the joint of two landscape zones: a forest zone and a forest-steppe zone. The border between the zones goes along the Volga River, which establishes favourable environment for recreation. There has been observed slope type of areas on the right bank of the Volga River of the Cheboksary and Kuybyshev Reservoir. It has 3º and more incline, with washed-off soil and broadleaved woodland (relict mountainous oak woods), subjected to considerable land-clearing. In the immediate bank zone of the Volga River, where abrasive-soil-slipping and abrasive-talus processes mostly develop, the main types of natural areas have been marked out: 1) Abrasive landslide cliffs at the original slopes of Volga Valley of 60º steepness, more than 15 m high, with permanent watering as a result of underground waters leakage; 2) Abrasive cliffs of terraces above flood-plains of 2 m high; 3) Abrasive cliffs of original slope of the valley of the river Volga of 2 m high, with distinctive abrasive niches in the lower part of the slope or temporary concentration of caving demolishing material. Left coast is lowland plain, the part of taiga landscape zone. Low terraces above flood plain of Volga are formed by sand with loam layers, with sod-podzol sandy and sandy loam soil in combination with marshy soil, with fir-pine forest, with from lichen bogs to sphagnum bog; in lowlands, on old felling plots, on abandoned peat mines deciduous forests with mostly birches and aspens prevail.

Author(s):  
Anna Gumenyuk ◽  
Anna Gumenyuk ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Inna Nikonorova

The plot of study is Cheboksary and its suburbans and located on the joint of two landscape zones: a forest zone and a forest-steppe zone. The border between the zones goes along the Volga River, which establishes favourable environment for recreation. There has been observed slope type of areas on the right bank of the Volga River of the Cheboksary and Kuybyshev Reservoir. It has 3º and more incline, with washed-off soil and broadleaved woodland (relict mountainous oak woods), subjected to considerable land-clearing. In the immediate bank zone of the Volga River, where abrasive-soil-slipping and abrasive-talus processes mostly develop, the main types of natural areas have been marked out: 1) Abrasive landslide cliffs at the original slopes of Volga Valley of 60º steepness, more than 15 m high, with permanent watering as a result of underground waters leakage; 2) Abrasive cliffs of terraces above flood-plains of 2 m high; 3) Abrasive cliffs of original slope of the valley of the river Volga of 2 m high, with distinctive abrasive niches in the lower part of the slope or temporary concentration of caving demolishing material. Left coast is lowland plain, the part of taiga landscape zone. Low terraces above flood plain of Volga are formed by sand with loam layers, with sod-podzol sandy and sandy loam soil in combination with marshy soil, with fir-pine forest, with from lichen bogs to sphagnum bog; in lowlands, on old felling plots, on abandoned peat mines deciduous forests with mostly birches and aspens prevail.


Author(s):  
V. P. Tkach ◽  
O. V. Kobets ◽  
M. G. Rumiantsev

The forest site capacity using was quantitatively assessed for the stands of the main forest-forming species of Ukraine, Scots pine and common oak, taking into account natural zones and forest types. The tables of productivity of modal and highly productive pine and oak stands have been developed. It has been found that the stands use an average of 50–75 % of the forest site capacity of lands. The average weighted value of the capacity used by pine forests was 68–76 % in the Polissya zone, 70–78 % and 68–73 % in the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively, and 54–78 % in the Steppe zone. For oak stands, the value was 71–75 % and 63–71 % for the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively and 65–75 % for the Steppe zone. The basis for increasing the productivity of forests was confirmed to be the differentiation of forest management systems and individual forestry activities on a zonal and typological basis.


Author(s):  
Н. M. Hospodarenko

The influence of long-term application of different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in grain and straw of spring barley has been established. The study was held in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The relative nutrients removal by spring barley depending on the doses of different types of fertilizers and their combinations in the field crop rotation is calculated. It is shown that the content of basic nutrients in the harvest of spring barley (grain and straw) significantly depends on the content of their mobile compounds in the soil. This is especially true of nitrogen and less of potassium. Economic removal of nutrients from the grain harvest of spring barley depends on the doses of fertilizers in the field crop rotation and the ratio of nutrients in them. The largest share is nitrogen (65–122 kg / ha), followed by K2O - 47–92 and P2O5 26–51 kg / ha. From 1 ton of grain and the corresponding amount of straw, spring barley of the Commander variety removes 19.2–22.4 kg of nitrogen, 7.8–9.2 - P2O5 and 14.0–16.8 kg of K2O from the soil, depending on the fertilizer and saturation of field crop rotation with different types of fertilizers. Straw is an important source of soil organic matter reproduction and the return of nutrients used for crop formation. Depending on the system of fertilization, 17–25% of nitrogen, 25–30% of phosphorus and 68–69% of potassium are returned to the soil with spring barley straw via economic removal. It is specified that spring barley of the Commander variety absorbs N, P2O5 and K2O in the following ratio: 1: 0,4: 0,3 to form a unit of grain yield and the corresponding amount of straw in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.


2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. e-30-e-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Radchenko

Zonal and Zoogeographic Characteristic of the Ant Fauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of UkraineOne hundred fourty ant species belonging to 38 genera of 5 subfamilies are known to occur in Ukraine nowadays. All the species are attributed to 16 zoogeographic complexes that are grouped into three faunogenetic classes. Comparative zonal and zoogeographical analysis of the fauna of different geographical regions of Ukraine has revealed their essential heterogeneity. The ant fauna of the Forest-Steppe zone is not original. At the same time, it is not transitive between the faunae of the Forest and Steppe zones. Ant fauna of the Forest-Steppe is related to those not the Steppe but the Forests zones, and the Forest-Steppe can be included in the southern subzone of a Forest zone of t Europe.


Author(s):  
Denysyk H.I. ◽  
Kanskyi V.S. ◽  
Hryshko S.V. ◽  
Stefankov L.I.

Specific approaches, principles and methods of cognition of modern silvicultural landscapes are considered; it is stated that due to the fact that the difference between natural and anthropogenic silvicultural landscapes is only in their genesis, in the process of studying silvicultural landscapes, both classical and specific approaches, principles and methods can be used. Among the specific approaches, the historical-cartographic one with the inherent principles of historicism and methods of historical-genetic series of maps, historical-archaeological method is considered in more detail; system-adaptive with the principle of combination and methods of comparison of natural analogues and analysis of final results; landscape-biocoenotic and landscape-ecological with the methods of the leading factor, comparison of disturbed and control biogeocenoses and arealographic, as well as geoinformation approach in the knowledge of silvicultural landscapes. It is shown that all approaches, principles and methods of knowledge of forest anthropogenic landscapes should be applied depending on the available conditions and needs of practice. However, in the process of field research, landscape-biocoenotic and landscape-ecological approaches with their own principles and methods of cognition of forest anthropogenic landscapes were more often used. It is shown that in its implementation landscape scientists not only have the right, but also the obligation to use the rich experience of foresters. It is advisable to characterize the stand in the following order: dominant species by tiers (in tree, shrub and grass), quality, age, height of trees – in meters, trunk diameter – in cm, planting density. In abbreviated form, information about the forest tract is presented in the form of a kind of formula. These approaches, principles and methods were applied in the process of studying the forest anthropogenic landscapes of two regions of Ukraine – Podillia (Forest-Steppe Zone) and North-Western Pryazovia (Steppe Zone). The expediency and necessity of their application are substantiated in the process of dissertation research and confirmed by practice.Key words: Podillia, North-Western Pryazovia, research, silvicultural landscapes, approaches, principles, methods, significance, use. Розглянуто специфічні підходи, принципи і методи пізнання сучасних лісокультурних ланд-шафтів. Зазначено, що у зв’язку з тим, що між натуральними й антропогенними лісовими ландшафтами різниця лише у їх ґенезі, отже, у процесі дослідження лісокультурних ландшафтів можна застосовувати як класичні, так і специфічні підходи, принципи та методи. Серед специфічних під-ходів детальніше розглянуто історико-картографічний з притаманними йому принципами істо-ризму та методами історико-генетичних рядів карт, історико-археологічним методом; системно-адаптивний з принципом сумісництва та методами порівняння натуральних аналогів і аналізу кінцевих результатів; ландшафтно-біоценотичний та ландшафтно-екологічний з методами провідного чинника, порівняння порушених і контрольних біогеоценозів та ареалографічного, а також геоінформаційний підхід у пізнанні лісокультурних ландшафтів. Показано, що всі підходи, принципи і методи пізнання лісових антропогенних ландшафтів необхідно застосовувати залежно від наявних умов та потреб практики. Однак у процесі польових досліджень частіше використовували ландшафтно-біоценотичний і ландшафтно-екологічний підходи з належними їм принципами і методами пізнання лісових антропогенних ландшафтів. У цих підходах у разі картографування лісокультурних урочищ, крім характеристики рельєфу й властивостей ґрунтів, вагоме значення має аналіз деревостану. Показано, шо у його здійсненні ландшафтознавці не лише мають право, але й зобов’язані використовувати багатий досвід лісознавців. Характеристику деревостану доцільно проводити у такому порядку: домінуючі види за ярусами (в деревному, кущовому та трав’яному), бонітет, вік, висота дерев – у метрах, діаметр стовбура – у см, щільність насадження. У скороченому вигляді інформація про лісокультурне урочище представлена у вигляді своєрідної формули. Ці підходи, принципи і методи застосовано у процесі дослідження лісових антропогенних ландшафтів двох регіонів України – Поділля (Лісостепова зона) і Північно- Західного Приазов’я (Степова зона). Доцільність та необхідність їх застосування обґрунтовано у процесі дисертаційних досліджень та підтверджено практикою.Ключові слова: Поділля, Північно-Західне Приазов’я, дослідження, лісокультурні ландшафти, підходи, принципи, методи, значимість, використання.


2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
N.O. Kryuchenko ◽  
◽  
Ya. Zhovinsky ◽  
P.S. Paparyga ◽  
O.A. Zhuk ◽  
...  

The results of a comprehensive analysis of the microelement composition of soils — B, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn and plants — Ag, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn (oak (Quercus robur L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) perennial grasses — Kupena (Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All.), wheatgrass (Elymus repens (L.) Gould)) of natural reserve belonging to different physical and geographical zones — Polessky reserve (mixed forest zone), Roztochya reserve (broad-leaved forest zone), Kanevsky reserve (forest-steppe zone), the reserve «Askania Nova» (steppe zone), the Chernogorsk massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (KBR, Ukrainian Carpathians), which are proposed to be considered as background. It was found that in the soils of mixed and broad-leaved forests and the Chernogorsk massif KBR with an increase in the content of gross forms of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, the content of their mobile forms increases, this dependence is inverse in the soils of the steppe zone, which is associated with a decrease in soil acidity and mobility microelements A positive correlation was revealed between the humus content in soils and Zn, Co (gross and mobile forms) and negative — B, Mo in the soils of all reserve zones. It was found that the greatest biogeochemical activity is characteristic of plants in the zone of deciduous forests — oak leaves (Quercus robur L.) and pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.).


Author(s):  
S. Vyzhva ◽  
V. Onyshchuk ◽  
I. Onyshchuk ◽  
M. Reva ◽  
O. Shabatura

The paper discusses the details of the application of geophysical research methods in the study of the landslide areas of the right bank of the Dnieper River within the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Geological and geophysical models of landslides are given. The specific tasks that are posed in studies of landslides were highlighted. There are three stages in studies of landslides which were defined: reconnaissance-methodological, detailed and monitoring. Also, sets of geophysical methods for these stages were designated. It is emphasized that the rational set of geophysical methods in the study of landslide processes is determined for each individual natural environment, taking into account: the possibility of performing field studies by a specific geophysical method on the area; the presence of differentiation of rocks by physical properties, that are used by the specific geophysical method; economic efficiency of application of the geophysical method. As an example, we described some of the results of geophysical studies, which were carried outon exemplary landslidesites onthe right bank of the Dnieper River within the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine near the Trypillia thermal power plant.


Author(s):  
Ю. П. Яновський ◽  
С. В. Cуханов ◽  
С. В. Cуханов ◽  
Л. П. Михайленко ◽  
Є. В. Чепернатий

Наведено результати досліджень з уточнення біо-логічних особливостей оленки волохатої (Epicometishirta Poda.) в промислових насадженнях суниці в зонілісостепу України. Встановлено, що жуки літаютьу теплі сонячні дні, найбільш інтенсивно з 10 годиниранку до 15 години дня, а вже після 18 години вечората в прохолодні ночі жуки ховалися в ґрунт на глиби-ну 0,5–2,5 см. Фітофаг пошкоджував рослини суниціз фази «висування квітконосів» до закінчення фази«закінчення цвітіння і утворення зав’язі», не надаючиособливої переваги їх сортовому походженню. Пару-вання особин розпочиналося відразу після виходу жу-ків на поверхню ґрунту і тривало до закінчення льотуімаго. Впродовж першої половини травня–кінець червнявідбувалося активне відкладання яєць шкідником уґрунт на глибину до 35 см. Потенційний запас однієїсамиці (у 2–3 прийоми) досягав 34–44 яєць; вона від-кладала по 12–17 яєць у ґрунт у декількох місцях. Від-родження личинок з яєць спостерігалося в ІІ-й декадітравня і тривало до кінця ІІІ-ї декади липня. Личинкижили в ґрунті до кінця серпня–початку вересня і жи-вилися рослинними рештками. Заляльковування роз-починалося з кінця серпня і тривало до половини ве-ресня. Через 15–20 днів з’являлися молоді жуки, щозалишалися зимувати в ґрунті (на необроблених ділян-ках) до весни наступного року. За відсутності прове-дення захисних заходів до 93 % квіток рослин у насад-женнях було пошкоджено цим видом, їх врожайністьзнижувалася до 65 %. Для зниження чисельностіцього виду необхідно застосовувати інсектициди«Моспілан», РП (0,2 кг/га) та «Каліпсо» 480 SC, КС(0,25 л/га).        It is showed the results of studies where the biological peculiarities of Epicometis hirta Poda. are ascertained in industrial plants of strawberries in the right bank of Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine.       It is established that beetles fly in warm sunny days the most intense from 10 a.m. to 15 p.m. and after 18 p.m. and in cool nights beetles hide in the soil in the depth of 0,5–2,5 cm.  Pest has started to harm plants of strawberry starting of phase «nomination of peduncles» to the end of phase «end of flowering and the formation of ovaries» without any preferring of varietal origin. Copulation of individuals was started immediately after beetles appearing on the soil surface and lasted until the end of the adults fly. During the first half of May till the end of June active pests’ eggs laying in the soil on a depth of 35 cm was observed. The potential production of one female (2–3 hours) has reached 34–44 eggs, she postponed 12–17 eggs in the soil in several places. Larvae hatching from eggs was observed in II-decade of May and continued until the end of the III decade of July. The larvae lived in the soil by the end of August – early September and was fed by plant remains. The pupation phase was started from the end of August and lasted until half of September. After 15-20 days there were young beetles that stayed wintering in the soil (in untreated plots) till the next spring. In time of absence of protective measures to 93 % of flower of  plants in plantations were damaged by this pest, their productivity was reduced to 65 %.         For decrease of this pest population it is required to apply insecticide Mospilan, RP (0,2 kg/ha) and Calipso 480 SC, (0,25 l/hа).


2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Ю. О. Тараріко ◽  
Я. П. Цвей ◽  
Г. І. Личук

2003 ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Zaugolnova ◽  
T. Yu. Braslavskaya

The comparative analysis of floristic composition of the Russian Plain center broad-leaved forests of the alliance Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Meyer 1937 was carried out by means of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and direct ordination along ecological factor scales. The three associations representing the proper zonal units of the area, namely Querco-Tilietum cordatae Laivinš 1983 in the hemiboreal forest zone, Aceri campestris—Tilietum cordatae ass. nov. hoc loco in the broad-leaved forest zone, and Aceri campestris—Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 1991 in the forest-steppe zone are characterized. Although all the forest stands described are small geographically isolated fragments, their floristic composition demonstrates the existence of syntaxonomic continuum and seems to be influenced by landscape features and anthropogenic disturbance just as strong as by zonal climatic factors. As a result of the undertaken analysis, the syntaxonomical revision of the Central-Russian broad-leaved forests of the alliance Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Meyer 1937 is proposed.


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