POTASSIUM BALANCE IN THE SOIL AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Н. M. Hospodarenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Heavy Loam ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Right

The influence of long-term application of different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in grain and straw of spring barley has been established. The study was held in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The relative nutrients removal by spring barley depending on the doses of different types of fertilizers and their combinations in the field crop rotation is calculated. It is shown that the content of basic nutrients in the harvest of spring barley (grain and straw) significantly depends on the content of their mobile compounds in the soil. This is especially true of nitrogen and less of potassium. Economic removal of nutrients from the grain harvest of spring barley depends on the doses of fertilizers in the field crop rotation and the ratio of nutrients in them. The largest share is nitrogen (65–122 kg / ha), followed by K2O - 47–92 and P2O5 26–51 kg / ha. From 1 ton of grain and the corresponding amount of straw, spring barley of the Commander variety removes 19.2–22.4 kg of nitrogen, 7.8–9.2 - P2O5 and 14.0–16.8 kg of K2O from the soil, depending on the fertilizer and saturation of field crop rotation with different types of fertilizers. Straw is an important source of soil organic matter reproduction and the return of nutrients used for crop formation. Depending on the system of fertilization, 17–25% of nitrogen, 25–30% of phosphorus and 68–69% of potassium are returned to the soil with spring barley straw via economic removal. It is specified that spring barley of the Commander variety absorbs N, P2O5 and K2O in the following ratio: 1: 0,4: 0,3 to form a unit of grain yield and the corresponding amount of straw in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.

scholarly journals POTASSIUM BALANCE IN THE SOIL AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Н. M. Hospodarenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Potassium Balance ◽  
The Right

The influence of long-term application of potassium-deficient fertilizer system in the field crop rotation (winter wheat, corn, spring barley, soybeans) on podzolic heavy loam black earth of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on potassium content in plants, its costs for formation of one unit of the harvest was determined; potassium balance was calculated and the effectiveness of different doses of potassium fertilizers was comprehensively assessed. It was found that the potassium content in grains and seeds of agricultural crops under the influence of potassium fertilizers varies by no more than 8%, while in straw and stalks - by 10-24% depending on the variant of the experiment. It is shown that the non-grain part of the crop contains a significant part of potassium - 50-80% of economic removal depending on the crop. It is calculated that if it is left in the field for fertilizer in the variant of the experiment Basis + K80, it compensates for the consumption of potassium by 71%. By applying K40 and K80on the basis of applying N110P60 and leaving the non-commodity part of the crop in the field for fertilizer, the balance of potassium in the soil is formed positive with intensity of 111 and 212%, respectively. According to the index of complex assessment, which takes into account seven indicators: payback of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers; additionally conditionally net profit; net energy profit; humus balance and intensity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance, the best variant of the experiment is application of N110P60K40 per 1 ha of field crop rotation area. This indicates the possibility of a temporary reduction in the dose of potassium fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolic heavyloam black earth in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

scholarly journals Agriculture biologization levels in cultivation of spring barley in forest steppe of middle Volga

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00074
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Bakaeva ◽  
Olga L. Saltykova ◽  
Maksim S. Prikazchikov
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Different Levels

The paper considers different levels of biologization in agriculture as provided by crop rotation with different fallow types with placement of fertilizers at a level of 40 t/ha, basic soil treatment, leaving straw in the field for all crops of five-field crop rotation and application of mineral fertilizers. High barley yields were obtained through the years of the study. Correlation analysis revealed a direct dependence between total biogenesity of soil and grain yield, which is fully actualized depending on meteorological conditions, varietydependent peculiarities of Povolzhsky 85 barley and agricultural processes applied aimed at increasing biologization of agriculture and protecting soil fertility.

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

scholarly journals FOLIAR FEEDING AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING THE LEVEL OF GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Valentyna Tynko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
The Right

The article presents the results of spring barley crops and the effect of foliar fertilization on them. Prospects and effectiveness of biological products as a basic fertilizer for cereals. Spring barley is a valuable food, fodder and technical crop. Pearl barley and barley groats are made from vitreous and coarse-grained two-row barley grain. Most barley is used for feed purposes. In 1 kg. grain contains 1.2 feed units and 100 g of digestible protein. Spring barley contains a lot of protein (9-12%), carbohydrates (70-75%), pentazoles (7-11%), sucrose (1.7-2%), fiber (3.8-5.5%), fat (1.6-2%), ash (2-3%). Spring barley grain is characterized by high nutritional value and is widely used in feed production, confectionery, brewing. However, in the dynamics of its yield there are significant fluctuations, which is associated with both agro-climatic conditions and organizational and economic. Having a short growing season, underdeveloped root system, the culture is quite demanding on the provision of basic factors of plant life, including nutrients. The system of fertilization of spring barley is determined primarily by predecessors. It has a valuable ability to make the best use of the aftereffects of organic and mineral fertilizers applied to the previous crop. If spring barley is sown after well-fertilized row crops (sugar beet, potatoes), under which 40-50 t / ha of manure and mineral fertilizers are applied within N80P80K80 - N120P120K120, then fertilizers are not applied directly under barley at all. Against this background, barley with proper care can form 40-50 kg / ha of grain. It is clear that in case of incomplete supply of sugar beets or potatoes with fertilizers, barley will require additional application of macronutrients. Barley responds very well to fertilizer application, especially in conditions of sufficient moisture. The increase in yield from mineral fertilizers can reach 15-20 kg / ha. To prevent lodging of plants, it is necessary to ensure the correct ratio of nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Given the condition of the soil cover and low volumes of fertilizer application, we consider the issues of optimization of mineral nutrition of spring barley to be relevant and in need of refinement. An important component of the plant nutrition system is the use of microfertilizers. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to establish the reaction of spring barley to the complex use of microfertilizers, crop formation and grain quality in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine [3] Key words: spring barley, foliar feeding, biological products.

EFFICIENCY OF BIOMODIFIED MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN THE CULTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ON THE CHERNOZEM REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FOREST-STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
А. Kh. Kulikova ◽  
◽  
G. V. Saidyasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Pure Steam

Research on the effectiveness biomodified mineral fertilizers were carried out on the basis of Ulyanovsk SRIA – SamSC RAS branch during the rotation grain fallow five fields crop rotation: pure steam – winter wheat – spring wheat – barley – oats in 2013-2018. The field experiment scheme included options (except control): with the introduction of biologics BisolbiFit (introduction with seeds that were treated before sowing), azofoski N15P15K15, in pure form, modified with biopreparation azofoski in the same dose N15P15K15, half a dose of modified azofoski (N7, 5 P7, 5 K7, 5). The effectiveness of fertilizers and biopreparations in crop cultivation was studied on three backgrounds: natural (control), ammonium nitrate at a dose of 40 kg ai/ha (NH4NO3), and modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg DW/ha. It was established that modification of azofoski with Bisolbifit biopreparation can significantly increase the coefficients of use of elements from it by plants. The latter allows to reduce the dose of fertilizer, without reducing the productivity of cultivated crops, twice. Long-term cultivation of crops using only mineral fertilizers and biological products led to a relative decrease in the humus content in the soil and its acidification. For 6 years, the content of humus in the arable layer of leached chernozem decreased by 0.12 %, and the acidity of the soil solution increased by 0.5 pHKCI units. In the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe, when cultivated on chernozems, the highest-yielding winter wheat is (up to 4.00 t / ha or more, in our experiments 3.88-4.80 t / ha). The average yield of spring wheat was 2.68-3.31 t / ha, spring barley 2.67-3.21 t / ha, oats 2.15-2.71 t / ha. The highest productivity of crop rotation was observed against a background with modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg ai/ha (½NH4NO3) when applying modified azofoski (N15P15K15). Grain harvest for 2013-2018 in this variant was 13.36 t / ha, exceeding the control variant on this background by 1.31 t / ha.

scholarly journals Forming The Microbial Complex Type Chornozem in Agrofitocenosis of Various Barley for Rise Farming Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
M. O. Kiroyants
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Microbial Complex ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Right

Microbial coenosis is one of the most diverse and widespread types of spatial-functional organization of living groups on Earth. The article presents the results of studies that rely on the study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbial complex, which transforms the organic matter of typical black soil of spring barley cultivation in various farming systems. The study of the typical microbial flora of the black soil was carried out on the basis of the stationary field experience of the Department of Agriculture and Herbology of NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Experimental Station". The territory of the studied field is located in the right-bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The experiments were conducted on biological, ecological and industrial systems of agriculture; processing - plowing and superficial; and the system of noutil as a control was also studied. The number of microorganisms of the main physiological and taxonomic groups was determined by the method of sowing soil suspensions on the respective elective nutrient media. In the article a comparative analysis of the formation of the microbial complex of typical blck soil in spring barley agrophytocenoses was conducted. The qualitative composition of the microbial complex was studied on the basis of the representation of morphological and cultural types. According to the results of the analysis, the level of differentiation of the number of major physiological and taxonomic groups of microorganisms of the rhizosphere of plants was studied. One of the main goals of the study is the long-term development, formation and realization of the best agents of the rhizospheric environment of the RSL to optimize the growth and development of barley against the backdrop of reducing the use of mineral fertilizers

scholarly journals Influence of fertilizer systems on spring barley yield under conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
G. P. Voitova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Right

The research results of the influence of fertilizer systems on the productivity of spring barley in the Right-bank Forest Steppe were presented. Traditionally fertilized backgrounds were studied: mineral, organic and organomineral (with half fertilizer rates of previous backgrounds), and the alternative to organic matter was cereal straw and biomass of green manure crops. The best backgrounds and optimal fertilizer systems for high level of grain yield were determined. The main factors that formed the productive plant density of spring barley were the rates and types of fertilizers. The improving of plant nutrition due to using of organic and mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the productive plant density in the agrocenosis and the competitiveness of plants, the reducing of weed infestation. Depending on the type of fertilizer, the grain yield of spring barley changed. Based on the research results, it was found that the combination of traditional fertilization with the application of alternative types of organic matter increased the grain yield of barley spring compared to the control variant on mineral background within 1.61–2.04 t/ha, organic – 1.69–2.14 t/ha, organomineral – 1.79–2.19 t/ha. At the same time, the yield indicators had a range: 4.86–5.29 t/ha on the mineral, 4.94–5.39 t/ha – organic and 5.04–5.44 t/ha organomineral background. The highest yield of spring barley was provided by a combined fertilizer system with half norms both mineral fertilizer and manure against the background of the afteraction of predecessor straw with compensatory dose of N10/t and green manure biomass of white mustard as organic fertilizer, and equaled of 5.44 t/ha (yield gain was 2.19 t/ha compared to control). The optimal fertilizer systems to increase of spring barley yield in conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe are combined mineral, organic and organomineral fertilizer systems, which include the use of traditional fertilizers: the action of mineral fertilizers and the afteraction of manure, as well as alternative fertilizers – the straw of predecessor with a compensatory dose of N10/t in combination with the white mustard biomass. Keywords: spring barley, predecessor by-products, mineral fertilizers, yield, fertilizer systems, grain quality.

scholarly journals Corn productivity for grain in the short-rotary cultivation of the left bank forest-steppe depending on the fertilizer system

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Tsimbal ◽  
P.I. Boiko ◽  
I.V. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
By Products

The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The aim of the research is to establish the influence of the structure, set and placement of field crops in a 4-field crop rotation for 100 % grain saturation on the overall productivity, yield and quality of corn grain in particular.The technology of growing crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area.Varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops entered into the State Register were sown in the experiment. Chemical plant protection products were used for the production of competitive commodity products of cereals.The results of studies conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, convincingly show that for highly specialized farms the most rational in this area are 4-field crop rotations. saturation with grain crops (winter wheat peas-corn for spring barley grain) using various fertilizer systems (without fertilizers), mineral (with the introduction of N60P60K60), organo-mineral (NPK + by-products of the predecessor), organic fertilizer systems (by-products of the predecessor)). The grain yield of corn depended on the fertilizer system and was in the range of 5.86–8.30 t/ha. Productivity of crop rotation area for harvesting from 1 ha of arable land with corn for grain in 4-field crop rotation was: grain – 4.54–6.29 tons, fodder units –7.48–10.47 tons; digestible protein – 0.60–0.84 tons. The economic efficiency of growing corn for grain in short-rotation crop rotation, depending on the fertilizer system, is: relatively net profit – 16.04–21.34 thousand UAH/ha, the level of profitability –112 –180 %.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the influence of siderates on the biological properties of podzolized chernozem in the link of field crop rotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Chulkov ◽  
T. Chapalda
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Green Mass

Abstract. The purpose is to study the effect of various siderates on the biological properties and yield of spring barley. Methods. Тhe experiment was carried out on podzolized chernozem in 2017–2018 in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Urals. The green mass of the siderates was taken into account manually, and barley grain by combine was carried out. Soil moisture was determined by the thermostatic-weight method. The number and mass of earthworms were determined from the registered area. The microbiological activity of the soil was determined by the method of linen cloths. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the effect of various siderates on the yield of spring barley and the microbiological activity of the soil, the number and mass of earthworms was compared on podzolized chernozem. Results. The effect of various siderates: peas + oats, winter rye, spring rapeseed, white mustard, fodder beans on the microbiological activity of the soil, the number of earthworms and the yield of spring barley in the link of the field crop rotation – sideral steam – spring barley was studied. The largest green mass of green manure was plowed into the soil in the following variants: fodder beans (41.2 t/ha) and peas + oats (36.4 t/ha). In the variant with the planting of fodder beans, the highest microbiological activity of the soil was observed (71 %). Studies of the number of earthworms showed that their number was 24 % higher in the mustard variant compared to the control. However, the mass of the soil they processed in the peas + oats variant (138 g/m2) was maximum and exceeded the mass in other versions by 11–27 g/m2. The highest yield of barley was also obtained in the variant with the incorporation of feed beans – 2.87 t/ha, which is 0.26–0.69 t/ha higher than the rest. Increasing the microbiological activity of the soil in the variant with the incorporation of feed beans increased the yield of barley. The increase in the plowed green mass in the variants did not affect the increase in the number and weight of earthworms.

scholarly journals Removal of basic nutrients from the soil by field crop rotations with different fertilizers

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Н. M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Cherno ◽  
A. T. Martyniuk ◽  
V. P. Boiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soybean Straw ◽  
Different Doses

The effect of application of different doses and combinations of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in plants, economic and relative removal of winter wheat, corn, spring barley and soybeans was studied. Soil - Luvic Chernic Phaeozem. The scheme of the experiment includes 11 variants of combinations and separate application of mineral fertilizers and, including the variant without fertilizer. It was found that the level of nitrogen content of easily hydrolyzed compounds in the soil significantly affects its content in the grain of spring barley, corn, soybeans (R2 = 0,92–0,93), less - winter wheat (R2 = 0,63). The content of mobile phosphates in the soil has almost the same effect on its content in the main and non-commodity part of the crop, regardless of the crop (R2 = 0,39–0,70). The smallest relationship between the content of mobile compounds in the soil and in the crop was in potassium, but in soybean seeds and straw of spring barley and soybeans it was clearly traced (R2 = 0,53–0,68). Nitrogen (64,4–149,9 kg / ha) has the largest share in the economic extraction of nutrients with grain and seed yield, followed by phosphorus – 21,1–51,4 kg P2O5/ ha, depending on the crop. On the formation of the crop unit of marketable and the corresponding amount of non-marketable crop products absorb nutrients in the following ratio N : P2O5 : K2O: winter wheat – 1 : 0,4: 0,7; corn – 1 : 0,3 : 0,8; spring barley – 1 : 0,4 : 0,7 and soy – 1 : 0,4 : 0,4. With the non-commodity part of the crop, nitrogen with corn stalks returns to the soil from economic removal – 28–36 %, phosphorus with soybean straw (47–54 %) and potassium with winter wheat straw and corn stalks – 74–80 %, depending on the experiment variant.

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