Complex Geochemical Characteristics of Soils and Plants in Natural Reserve Zones of Ukraine

The results of a comprehensive analysis of the microelement composition of soils — B, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn and plants — Ag, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn (oak (Quercus robur L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) perennial grasses — Kupena (Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All.), wheatgrass (Elymus repens (L.) Gould)) of natural reserve belonging to different physical and geographical zones — Polessky reserve (mixed forest zone), Roztochya reserve (broad-leaved forest zone), Kanevsky reserve (forest-steppe zone), the reserve «Askania Nova» (steppe zone), the Chernogorsk massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (KBR, Ukrainian Carpathians), which are proposed to be considered as background. It was found that in the soils of mixed and broad-leaved forests and the Chernogorsk massif KBR with an increase in the content of gross forms of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, the content of their mobile forms increases, this dependence is inverse in the soils of the steppe zone, which is associated with a decrease in soil acidity and mobility microelements A positive correlation was revealed between the humus content in soils and Zn, Co (gross and mobile forms) and negative — B, Mo in the soils of all reserve zones. It was found that the greatest biogeochemical activity is characteristic of plants in the zone of deciduous forests — oak leaves (Quercus robur L.) and pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.).

Uranium-Lead Geochronology on Monacite of Granites of the Lypnyazka Massif and its Framing (Ingul Megablock of the Ukrainian Shield)

The Lipnyazka massif is located in the Dobrovelychkivsky district of the Kirovohrad region, v. Lipnyazka and further south. Structurally, it is located within the Bratskyy Synclinorium of the Ingul megablock and coincides with the Mikhailovsky anticline. The main petrotype of the massif rocks are porphyry-like granites, often with a gneiss-like texture, aplito-pegmatoid, pegmatoid granites and pegmatites. The latter most often form secant vein bodies. Uranium-lead isotopic dating of granitoids of the Lipnyazka granite massif has been performed, with which a number of deposits and ore occurrences of rare elements, primarily lithium, are spatially and probably genetically connected. The age of porphyry-like granites (2032 ± 6 million years), which is the main petrotype of rocks distributed in the area of the village of Limestone and pegmatoid granites (2027 ± 1 million years), which cut porphyry-like in the form of vein bodies. Aplithoid framed granites (2046 ± 8 million years old), common in the area of the mouth of the Sukhyi Tashlyk River (Dobryanka village), are somewhat older. Based on the results of determining the isotopic composition of strontium in the accessory apatite of granites, a conclusion was made about the upper crust source of granites of the Lipnyazka massif (87Sr/86Sr – 0.730-0.785).

Kaersutitis in Azov Area Rocks (Ukrainian Shield): Petrological Aspect

The paper presents the results of new studies of kaersutites from lamprophyres of the Pokrovo-Kyriivo massif (PKM) of the Azov area (Ukrainian Shield). The comparison of mineralogical-petrographic and chemical features of kaersutites of lamprophyres with those of other dyke (microgabroid) and plutonic (pyroxenite) rocks of PKM is carried out and also, with this mineral from the camptonites of the Khlibodar quarry and the pyroxenites of the Chomutov massif. The paper presents the results of new studies of kaersutites from lamprophyres of the Pokrovo-Kyriivo massif (PKM) of the Azov area (Ukrainian Shield). The comparison of mineralogical-petrographic and chemical features of kaersutites of lamprophyres with those of other dyke (microgabroid) and plutonic (pyroxenite) rocks of PKM is carried out and also, with this mineral from the camptonites of the Khlibodar quarry and the pyroxenites of the Chomutov massif. The crystal chemical characteristics of the studied kaersutites were compared with those of other amphiboles in the Azov area. According to the chemical composition of kaersutites, the conditions of kaersutite formation in the mafic rocks of the Azov area region were estimated. Microprobe studies of the chemical composition of kaersutites from kaersutite lamprophyres were performed on JXA- 8520F (JEOL) X-ray microanalyzer equipped with five wave dispersion spectrometers (WDS) at the Institute of Natural Sciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (Bysterka Branch). The main characteristics of the chemical composition of kaersutite from kaersutite lamprophyres of PKM are low content of TiO2 (0.5-0.68 f.o.) and Al2O3 (up to 11.4%). Due to the low Al2O3 content, they are similar to kaersutites from afir gabroid and pyroxenite PKM. Kaersutites from other rocks of the Azov area are characterized by a higher content of Al2O3 (more than 12.3%, more often — 13%). The sample of kaersutites from PKM lamprophyres is not homogeneous, which indicates fluctuations in the conditions of rock formation. Most of the studied kaersutites of the Azov area are characterized by #Mg higher than 0.55. The exception is the measured ferrokaersutite from Hlibodarivka camptonite megacrysts (# Mg = 0.43). The vast majority of Azov area kaersutites have a high alkali content (more than 3%). According to their crystal chemical characteristics, kaersutites of the Azov area region differ significantly from other amphiboles of the district. The most highly baric are ferrokaersutites from Hlibodarivka camptonite megacrysts and kaersutite from porphyry amphibole-titanomagnetite microgabrroid PKM. The formation of kaersutite from the mafiс rocks of the Azov area corresponds to the conditions of high oxygen fugacity. Ferrokaersutite from Hlibodarivka camptonite was formed under conditions of medium oxygen fugacity. Keywords: kaersutite, lamprophyre, mafic dyke, pyroxenites, the Pokrovo-Kyriivo massif, camptonites of the Khlibodar quarry, Azov area.

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NOVOKOSTIANTYNIVKA URANIUM DEPOSIT

Paper research aim is to identify characteristics of spacious distribution of radioactive- and associated elements in albitites according to depth and ore-level attribution: case study of 35th survey line of Novokostiantynivka deposit. Geochemical characteristics of Novokostiantynivka deposit are defined by presence of upper and lower ore-bearing levels. Geochemical anomalies related to upper ore-bearing level have complex character (uranium, thorium, lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, vanadium, and zirconium). At apical part of the deposit (Eastern fault) the albitites of blended type (chlorite, rybekite, aegerine) are dominant. La, Th, Y, and U define geochemical trend. These elements are likely to be related to rare-earth mineralization (monazite, apatite, xenotime), to a lesser extent to thorium and uranium mineralization with subordinate zircon. At deeper levels (Western fault) albitites’ mineral composition becomes more monotonous of rybekite-aegerine, and aegerine. The lead elements are Zr, Y, V, U, Th; Zr and Y noticeably dominate over other elements. Both elements and, maybe, part of U are related to zircon (malacon) which is predominant over rare-earth and thorium mineralization. Geochemical anomalies related to lower ore-bearing level are distinctive with monometallic (uranium) trend. The albitites of large column-like body have rybekite-aegerine, or aegerine mineral composition; phlogopite occurs often. Associated elements like Th, La, Y, Yb, V, Zr specific to albitites of upper ore level are not characteristic to deeper one. Based on seldom minor Th, La, and Y content spikes, rare-earth and thorium mineralization is immaterial. Regarding Zr and V, their contents are not over but most of the time less than background values. Apparently, zircon is not formed in albitites of lower ore-level; vanadium content in darkcolored minerals becomes insignificant, and single lead element is uranium. The most essential feature of Novokostiantynivka deposit is a succession of complex mineralization with monometallic one with depth.

Some Aspects of the Geochemistry and Natural Radioactivity of the Azov Deposit Ores

The analysis of the Azov deposit of zirconium-rare earth ores as the object capable on qualitative and quantitative parameters to become key for creation and modernization of rare earth subsectors of the industry of Ukraine is carried out. On the basis of the generalized characteristics of zirconium-rare earth mineralization, conclusions were drawn regarding the nature of the increased radioactivity at the Azov deposit, which is mainly due to the presence of certain minerals in the ores. The actual radioactive minerals were found only as inclusions in zircon and do not make a significant contribution to the natural radioactivity of ores. It has been established that the radioactivity is uranium-thorium due to the inclusion of these elements in the composition of the aforementioned minerals. The results of the radiation-hygienic assessment of core samples from the deposit are presented. According to the existing standards, the enclosing rocks of the supra-ore and under-ore strata can be used in all types of construction without restrictions. The ores of the deposit are assigned to the third class in terms of the level of effective specific activity. It was found that there is a significant direct relationship between gamma activity and the total REE content in the field. There is also a correlation between the content of U and Th, the dose rate of γ-radiation and the content of the total REE. It was shown that there is no relationship between these indicators and the ZrO2 content. Analysis of the gamma-ray logs showed the possibility of confidently drawing the boundaries of the ore intervals and fixing the inter-ore intervals. The main stages of the technological process of integrated development, enrichment, processing and storage of enrichment tailings, slags and sludge, which ensure the minimum impact of production on the environment and human health, have been determined.

Dyke Rocks of the Korsun-Novomyrhorod Anorthosite-Rapakivigranite Pluton

In spite of significant intensity and composition variability of dyke magmatism in the Ingul mega-block, in the Korsun- Novomyrhorod anorthosite-rapakivi granite pluton (KNP) dyke magmatism is restricted. To present day, dykes of basic composition have not been described in this pluton. Previously mentioned gabbro-diabases dykes or diabase porphyrites should be classified as medium rocks as well as they are enriched by SiO2, Na2O and K2O. The authors succeeded studied the dyke from the Nosachiv massif, which can be considered the only known dyke of basic composition in KNP. By chemical composition, this rock is similar to the Ti-enriched gabroids of KNP, but differs in the presence of high-Ti magnetite (not typical mineral in plutonic rocks of KNP), and in terms of SiO2 and Na2O + K2O it should be classified as subalkaline. Most of the dikes known in the KNP are mainly monzonites, monzosienites, less widespread syenites, granite dikes are quite rare too. As our studies have shown, in the previously described porphyry dykes diabase structure is not exihibited. Furthermore pyroxene content is the first percent, and a significant (or most) of them are probably xenogeneic. According to chemical composition such dykes should be classified as medium in composition, because the SiO2 content in them is in the range of 54-60 % and elevated content of K2O, often prevails over Na2O, by low MgO and higher TiO2 they are similar to gabroid of KNP. In these rocks, normative orthoclase and quartz are calculated in significant quantities. Therefore, we offer to consider these rocks as dyke analogues of monzonites (quartz-containing or quartz) and regard as monzonite porphyry. The significant distribution of monzonites and syenites and their dyke analogues denote clear pronounced monzonite-syenite trend of evolution in KNP.

Breed Associations of the Gaisin Block of the Ukrainian Shield

The Gaysins block is characterized by a wide range of both metamorphic and ultrametamorphic formations. Ultrametamorphic formations are represented by an association of rocks with a transition from charnockitoids to two-feldspar granites. Remnants of metamorphic rocks are composed of diafluorinated varieties to varying degrees. Geological surveys of the last decades have discovered on the territory of the Gaysin block structures of variegated composition, which are represented by both metamorphic and ultrametamorphic rocks. The most studied are structures in the area of the settlements of Chagiv, Tyagun, Sitkovtsi, Naraevka, Tsibuliv and Popudnya. The wide variety of the mineral composition of the rocks of the Gaysinsky block is due to the metamorpho-metasomatic transformations of the primary parageneses formed under the conditions of the granulite facies. These transformations are taking place against the background of a decrease in the PT parameters of regional metamorphism.

U-Pb Age, by Zircon, of the Pre-Klesiv Breed Association of the Osnytsky Block

The Osnytsky block is an integral part of the Osnytsky-Mikashevytsky volcanic-plutonic belt, represented by early proterozoic igneous rocks of different compositions. This is a new type of igneous belts for the early precambrian – a paleotypical analogue of intracontinental volcanic-plutonic belts by the phanerozoic, which was formed in the conditions of mature continental crust in the initial stage of radical structural rearrangement of the cratonized gneiss base of the Eastern European platform. Volcanogenic formations have undergone regional metamorphism at a level not higher than the epidote-amphibolite facies, classified in the klesiv series, which combines effusives of basic, acidic and medium composition and occupies a higher stratigraphic position compared to the metamorphites of the teteriv series. Intrusive rocks (gabbro-diorite-granodiorite granite association) – to the osnitsky complex. Rocks of the osnitsky complex are widespread, they account for 80-85% of the area of the Osnitsky block. The pre-klesiv association, represented mainly by gneisses of the teteriv series and plagiogranitoids of the sheremetivsky complex, has a limited distribution. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb method was applied to date zircon from plagiogranite and plagiomigmatite of the sheremetivsky complex, and from gneiss and amphibolite. The plagiogranite yielded an age of 2110 ± 8, and plagiomigmatite of 2165 ± 22 Ma. Hence, granitoids of the sheremetivsky complex in the Osnitsk block were formed between 2.16 and 2.11 Ga. The age of the metamorphism of gneisses was defined as 2198 ± 29 Ma, whereas zircon from amphibolite crystallized at 1981 ± 36 Ma. Correspondingly, gneiss can be attributed to the teteriv series, whereas amphibolite can belong to either osnitsky complex, or nartsyzivsky complex.

Uranium-Lead by Monacite Geochronology of Granites Distributed in the Middle Current of ihe River Ros (Ros-Tikich Megablock Ukrainian Shield)

Granitoids play a leading role in the geological structure of the Ros-Tikich megablock. The rocks of the Ros-Tikich series, which form the supercrystalline base here, have survived among the granitoids only in the form of some remnants of different sizes. In the coastal outcrops of the middle course of the river Ros (east of Bila Tserkva) and in the quarries located near the river, the most common are two-feldspar granitoids, isolated as part of two complexes – Uman and Stavyshche. Plagiogranitoids and supercrustal rocks have survived among them in the form of separate fragments. Of the accessory uranium-containing minerals, zircon and titanite are present in two-field spar granites, and monazite was found in single samples of granites in which titanite was absent. The age of obscure porphyry-like granite discovered by the Ostrivsk quarry – 2063.5 ± 1.2 million years and uniformgrained granite, distributed in the quarry of the village of Bovkun – 2042.5 ± 8.6 million years. The obtained values of the isotopic age of these granites are in good agreement with the results of uranium-lead isotopic dating of zircons from twofeldspar granites of the Ros-Tikich megablock (1990-2080 million years). This allows us to propose to combine the granites of the Stavyshche and Uman complexes into one Paleoproterozoic complex.

Rare-earth accessories and secondary minerals in plagiogneisses from the Stankuvatske Li-deposite

The Stankuvatske Li deposit (SD) is situated at western flank of the Lypniazka structure (Ingul megablock of the Ukrainian Shield). Knowledge about REE content in host metamorphic rocks is based on the results of bulk chemical analysis, but their minerals have not been determined. For the first time rare-earth mineralization of the Stankuvatsky lithium deposit has been investigated in fine-grained gneiss with «augen» and schistose structure, porphiroblastic texture, formed as result of tectonical alteration. Our investigations were carried out using petrographic and microprobe analysis (EPMA). Mineralogically gneisses consist of quartz, plagioclase, zoizite, biotite, graphite, chlorite and abundant sulphides mainly represented by pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, molibdenite. Accessory minerals presented by titanite, apatite, monazite, zircon and coffinite. Gneisses have been subjected to deformation and hydrothermal — metasomatic alteration. An investigation of rock-forming and accessory minerals allows to revel low-temperature alterations of primary allanite by bastnäsiteand chlorite with formation of secondary bastnäsite-chlorite-coisite-pyrite association with «coronary» texture. The penetration of S, F, CO2, H2O enriched fluids were caused disintegration, partial redistribution and reprecipitation of rare earth elements. As result synhysite-chlorite-pyrite association was formed.