A CHANGE OF AN ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND A PERSONAL LAW OF A LEGAL PERSON (TO THE ISSUE OF INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES)

Author(s):  
R.YU. Kolobov ◽  
Author(s):  
Halimah Humayra Tuanaya
Keyword(s):  

ABSTRACTPenelitian ini menjelaskan konsep pertanggungjawaban korporasi dalam hukum pidana yang merekonstruksi teori dan doktrin hukum lama untuk diterapkan dalam korporasi. Hukum pidana mengesampingkan untuk mengadaptasi prinsip personalitas korporasi menyebabkan  konsep pertanggungjawaban korporasi bergantung pada konsep personalitas dalam hukum pidana.Tatanan praktis dalam pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi akan selalu lepas dari jeratan hukum oleh karena penerapan konsep personalitas pada penegakan hukumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan berbasis data kepustakaan serta emperis dengan melihat fakta-fakta kasus yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menunjukan pertama, dalam penerapan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi, korporasi dianggap sebagai entitas yang sama dengan personal yang ada didalamnya, sehingga korporasi tidak dapat menjadi subyek hukum yang melakukan tindak pidana. Kedua, melalui kritik kesalahan dalam ajaran normatif seyogyanya korporasi dapat dipertanggungjawabkan tanpa mengaitkan korporasi dengan pengurus yang mengelola korporasi. Kata Kunci : Pertanggungjawaban pidana, Legal Person, Pidana Korporasi


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Nani Mulyati ◽  
Topo Santoso ◽  
Elwi Danil

The definition of person and non-person always change through legal history. Long time ago, law did not recognize the personality of slaves. Recently, it accepted non-human legal subject as legitimate person before the law. This article examines sufficient conditions for being person in the eye of law according to its particular purposes, and then, analyses the meaning of legal person in criminal law. In order to do that, scientific methodology that is adopted in this research is doctrinal legal research combined with philosophical approach. Some theories regarding person and legal person were analysed, and then the concept of person was associated with the accepted definition of legal person that is adopted in the latest Indonesian drafted criminal code. From the study that has been done, can be construed that person in criminal law concerned with norm adressat of the rule, as the author of the acts or omissions, and not merely the holder of rights. It has to be someone or something with the ability to think rationally and the ability to be responsible for the choices he/she made. Drafted penal code embraces human and corporation as its norm adressat. Corporation defined with broad meaning of collectives. Consequently, it will include not only entities with legal personality, but also associations without legal personality. Furthermore, it may also hold all kind of collective namely states, states bodies, political parties, state’s corporation, be criminally liable.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Schneider ◽  
Anne Grigutsch ◽  
Matthias Schurz ◽  
Romi Zäske ◽  
Stefan R. Schweinberger

It has been hypothesized that visual perspective-taking, a basic Theory of Mind mechanism, might operate quite automatically particularly in terms of ´what´ someone else sees. As such we were interested in whether different social categories of an agent (e.g., gender, race, nationality) influence this mental state ascription mechanism. We tested this assumption by investigating the Samson level-1 visual perspective-taking paradigm using agents with different ethnic nationality appearances. A group of self-identified Turkish and German participants were asked to make visual perspective judgments from their own perspective (self-judgment) as well as from the perspective of a prototypical Turkish or German agent (other-judgment). The respective related interference effects - altercentric and egocentric interferences - were measured. When making other-judgments, German participants showed increased egocentric interferences for Turkish compared to German agents. Turkish participants showed no ethnic group influence for egocentric interferences and reported feeling associated with the German and Turkish nationality to a similar extent. For self-judgments, altercentric interferences were of similar magnitude for both ethnic agents in both participant groups. Overall this indicates that in level-1 visual perspective-taking, other-judgments and related egocentric interferences are sensitive to social categories and are better described as a flexible, controlled and deliberate mental state ascription mechanism. In contrast, self-judgments and related altercentric interference effects are better described as automatic, efficient and unconscious mental state ascription mechanisms. In a broader sense the current results suggest that we should stop considering automaticity an all-or-none principle when it comes theory of mind processes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
N.L. Solovieva ◽  
◽  
I.V. Chudinovskikh ◽  

The article discusses the management of sustainable development of organizations using standardization as one of the tools of the quality economy. Particular attention is paid to the existing practice of Russian and international companies building strategic goals and objectives in accordance with the UN SDGs. The connection between standardization and sustainable development of the organization, in particular organizations of the social services sector, is shown.


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