Impact of Withdrawal State Parties in 1998 Rome Statute of the Existence of International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court is an international criminal justice institution established in the context of struggle against impunity. Eighteen years of operation of the ICC since 2002, ICC experienced a case where the state it one by one withdraw from membership, such as South Africa, Burundi, Gambia and the Philippines, which is due to the inclusion of ICC investigations related to these state as well as several reasons related to the existence of discriminatory ICC judicial operations patterns. What is the implementation of ICC legal norms by state parties, and how the impact on the existence of ICC is what will be discussed in this study. The research method used is Socio-Legal Research, which examines the relationship between juridical and political aspects. The results of this study conclude some evidence related to the implementation of ICC legal norms by withdrawing party states, such as the background to ratifying the Rome Statute 1998, the implementation of the law, and the reasons for withdrawing the country, as well as some juridical and political impacts affecting the existence of the ICC.

Lembaga Jaminan Fidusia: Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019

Fiduciary is one of the guarantees where the debtor has the right to control and take advantage of the goods that are used as fiduciary security objects. Article 15 paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of Law Number 42 Year 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantee regulates the execution mechanism for fiduciary security objects when the fiduciary giver (debtor) experiences breach of promise to the fiduciary recipient (creditor). So far, the execution mechanism for fiduciary security objects regulated in the Act creates legal uncertainty and harms the debtor's rights. Because it gives too much power to the creditor. The imbalance of power relations between debtors and creditors towards the handling of the problem of breach of contract actually causes an injustice in existing fiduciary institutions. The Constitutional Court, through decision number 18 / PUU-XVII / 2019, tries to return the fiduciary institution to the spirit of equilibrium relations between debtors, creditors, and fair fiduciary guarantees. After the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 18 / PUU-XVII / 2019. Has there been a harmonious power relationship between two legal subjects in fiduciary guarantees. This paper examines the pre and post fiduciary guarantee institutions of the Constitutional Court and analyzes the legal consequences that occur. This paper uses a type of juridical-normative research using primary data and primary, secondary and tertiary legal material. While the analysis method uses qualitative methods

The Implementation of Business Judgment Rule Principle in Managing the Company

A business decision is very important to determine the quality of the Board of Directors in carrying out their duties professionally and responsibly as expected by Good Corporate Governance (GCG). The effectiveness of the Board of Directors is the center of the implementation of Good Corporate Governance. Bank Business is very risky (such: credit risk, reputation risk, etc.). The Board of Directors in making a business decision, will always face unpredictable condition. In Banking practice, the Head of Branch Office Bank is the extension of Director, if the Head of Branch Office Bank signs credit agreement out of the rules (plafond). His action has categorized as ultra vires, so the consequence is the Head of Branch Office Bank can be held responsible for his action. In this case, the Board of Directors has not taken responsibility for the action of the Head of Branch Bank, based on Business Judgment Principle, the Director has not taken its responsibility for ultra vires act which is done by the Head of Branch Office Bank, as along as Director has managed the Company in good faith, carefully and does not against the law. Therefore, Business Judgment Principle gives legal protection to the Director in making a business decision

The Protection of the Rights of the Defendant by the Constitutional Court-The Kosovo Case

The aim of this case study is to analyze the protection of the rights of the defendant in criminal proceedings and the implementation of international standards on the rights of the defendant in criminal proceedings in the domestic law of the Republic of Kosovo. This paper will focus on the role of the Constitutional Court of Kosovo in protecting the rights of the defendant during a criminal process, based on specific cases decided by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo. For more than ten years since the Declaration of its Independence, Kosovo has established a legal system, which provides effective protection for the rights of a defendant. A significant role in this regard was played by the fact that Kosovo directly applies the jurisprudence of the International Court on Human Rights (ECtHR), as a constitutional obligation. Out of all institutions of the legal system in Kosovo, which are obliged to protect the rights of defendants, a determinant role was played by the Constitutional Court in such regards, therefore, this paper presents arguments how the Constitutional Court of Kosovo has become a guardian for protection of the rights of defendants, in compliance with the Jurisprudence of the ECtHR

Mengkaji Ulang Gagasan Pengadilan Khusus Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia

General elections are a means of democracy to elect leaders who will carry out the wheels of government for a certain period of time, through legitimate power transfer procedures by involving public participation. Elections are the crystallization of popular sovereignty in procedural mechanisms. But often in the implementation of procedural democracy this is followed by fraudulent actions that tarnish the true nature of democracy (substantial democracy). Therefore, we need a law enforcement agency for every action that can damage the essential meaning of democracy and elections in Indonesia. The idea of a special court emerged as an alternative to electoral dispute resolution in the study of Indonesian constitutional law, however this idea needs to be discussed in more depth from various aspects to see its relevance to the Indonesian constitutional system, given that long before there was the idea of a special election court, Indonesia already had a number of institutions that given a mandate and authority to resolve disputes related to elections. This paper uses normative juridical methods in its study and is supported by secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The analysis used is qualitative analysis. The results of the study revealed that the idea of establishing an electoral special court was the idea of state administration which emerged amidst the struggle to substantially improve the quality of democracy. However, in its formation, it does not only require clear legal politics, but also requires a holistic study of the mechanism and flow of resolution and models of electoral dispute resolution. The parameter that needs to be used in examining the idea of a special electoral court is to measure the extent and importance of elections for Indonesian democracy. because the more important the meaning of the election is the presence of special election court more worthy of consideration

Fungsionalisasi Undang-Undang Darurat, Nomor 1 tahun 1951 sebagai Suplementasi dari Pasal 284 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Indonesia

The Penal Code of Indonesia as the heritage of Colonial Regime, in some instances is not in line with the people of Indonesia. One of them is that the article 284 concerning the prohibition of adultery, that has difference in concept with the values owned by Indonesian people. Therefore, there should be a breakthrough that the article adopts contemporary condition and be in line with the way of life of the people of Indonesia, especially related the first pillar of Pancasila, that is believe in one God. The purpose of this article is to discuss and convey the idea of the existence of Emergency Law No. 1 of 1951 concerning Temporary Measures in Organizing the Unity of the power and procedure of Civil Courts as supplementation of the article 284 of the Penal Code. This research applied normative juridical method and applicable law approach. The result of this study finds that Article 284 of the Penal Code could basically be accepted as one of the offense entities, but it is considered as lack Indonesia's spirit, even some consider that it not as a form of values in Indonesia people. The compliance between the law and the nation’s spirit is very important because the nation’s spirit is a source of material law that creates people’s legal awareness, as a guideline for law enforcement, as well as a source of the people’s law obidience. Considering the weaknesses and limitations of the article 284 of Penal Code in regulating adultery and the controversy of several articles in the draft Criminal Code which ended by the suspension of enactment and implementation, the Emergency Law No. 1 of 1951 can be enforced as supplementation of th article 284 of the Penal Code in order to maintain the balance and order in the society

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Masyarakat Dalam Perjanjian Kerjasama Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit

The State of the Republic of Indonesia is a legal state which is contained in Article 1 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, in the rule of law, the power in running the Government based on the rule of law, in Indonesia there have been many cooperation agreements in the field of plantation, in the establishment of plantation based on the principle legal certainty to protect the parties in the cooperation agreement between BUMD and PT.MTL where in the plantation management agreement is not running smoothly, causing conflict between the community with PT.MTL party. Based on the above issues, what is the legal relationship between the parties in the oil palm plantation cooperation agreement, how is the legal effect on the community rights in the oil palm plantation cooperation agreement, how is the legal protection of the community within the palm oil plantation agreement. This research is juridical sociological with the nature of research is descriptive analytical. Processing is done by editing and then analyzed by using qualitative analysis methode. From the result of the research, it can be concluded that (1) the occurrence of civil relation between the parties based on the cooperation agreement between BUMD and PT.MTL and letter of land delivery between the community and BUMD (2) due to law on community land in this cooperation agreement the transition of rights, from public property rights to State land. (3) the absence of legal protection of community land that has been submitted to the BUMD to be granted the Right to Use Enterprises

The Effectiveness Of Qanun Aceh No. 6/2014 Of Jinayat Law In Order To Prevent Jinayah Khalwat In Law Territory Of Sabang Municipality

Article 23 paragraph (1) of Aceh Islamic Criminal Law No 6 of 2014 tells about Indecency (Jinayat) law which regulates the criminal punishment for the perpetrator of jarimah khalwat. This article is expected can minimize the crime rate of the indecent (jinayah) behavior perpetrator. However, in fact the number of jarimah khalwat perpetrator increase steadily as what happened in Sabang Municipality law area. It proves that there were two legal issues, what is the causes of the ineffectiveness of the indecency (jinayat) law in minimizing the number of jinayat perpetrator in Sabang Municipality? This research was aimed to know the obstacle of the increasing jinayat khalwat issue which make jinayat law become ineffective in minimizing jinayat khalwat perpetrators in Sabang Municipality, and to know the efforts conducted by the Civil Service Police Unit, Sharia Policy, and Office of the District Prosecutor General of Sabang Municipality and to know the factor which causes the number of jinayah khalwat perpetrator in Sabang Municipality. The research method used in this research was empirical juridical empirical using case approach, historical approach, comparative approach, conceptual approach, and statute approach). The research result shown that there were 3 effectiveness obstacle factors of jinayat law in Sabang Municipality, the first obstacle of jinayat law is the bad regulation because the punishment is an alternative not a cumulative and for those who deal with the jinayat law is potentially punished with canning punishment in public, the application of jinayat law normatively is in contrary with the basis of personality and territoriality which causes this law contrary with the fair legal system (due process of law). The second factor which becomes the obstacle related to quality and quantity of the human resource of the law enforcement, law understanding and the number of personnel investigator of the Civil Service Police Unit and Sharia Police of Sabang Municipality was limited. The third factor, there is no special jinayah prison cell in the Civil Service Police Unit and Sharia Police of Sabang Municiplaity

THE ROLE OF NATIONAL LAND AGENCY IN ACCELERATION OF LAND REGISTRATION FOR LEGAL CERTAINTY

Observing a lot of land conflicts in Indonesia which is constantly increasing, and followed by the rapidly growing populations that caused the demand for land will also increase automatically. While the number of the available land is limited (not increasing). This condition will surely causes problems on controlling and ownership of the land. This research aims to identify the factors which causes conflict (dispute) of land, by doing inventory to the lands which is owned by the community (whether it is registered or not registered). From this temporary research result, it is known that, the implementation of the land registration in Deli Serdang district (the research location) has not happened as expected. It can be seen from the number of land which has not been registered, this condition will certainly trigger conflicts or disputes in society, both ownership boundary disputes, control of illegal land (arable land), inheritance disputes, etc. Certificate ownership mostly only exist in urban area. The lack of interest by the community to join the land registration is due to various of reasons, which is: 1) the community do not recognized the purpose of land registration, 2) the cost is expensive, 3) the management is convoluted, 4) the community feels that it is not a necessary to do it, 5) arable land. In this research, the role of National Land Agency (NLA) as the organizer of land registration has not been surely prominent, it is visible that the NLA office is more passive, which is only waiting for the arrival of the owner land to register their lands, NLA should be more involved in land registration and followed by socialization, counseling for the community. As well for the land disputes which is in the region of the Land Office until this moment is currently unfinished and still having a lot of problems, in order to achieve the above purpose, Deli Serdang Land Office has taken steps by empowering all the existing abilities, it has been a huge duty for Land Office, by remembering there will be more and more usage and utilization in the future, while the available land is limited, and hoping that the community will be motivated to registered their lands for achieving the legal certainty.

The Schorsing in Implementation of Administrative Decision that Endanger the Environment by Administrative Court

The postponement criteria of the implementation of KTUN (Administrative Court Decision) based on Article 67 of the Act Number 5, 1986 concerning the State Administrative Court (the Act of Administrative Court) merely states that such Postponement can be made if there is a very urgent circumstance which results in the plaintiff's interest to be lost if the sued state’s administrative decision is still implemented. By the promulgation of the Act Number 30, 2014 on the Governance Administration, it reregulates the delay of the implementation of the decision worded in Article 65. However, there are varies in the regulation of the implementation of the such decision pursuant to Article 67, of the Act Law Number 5, 1986 concerning the State Administrative Court. In accordance with Article 65 of the Administrative Governance Act, it rules more detailed regarding the reasons for the State Administrative Court that may delay the enforcement of a Government Decree, one of which if a Government Decision or Action "has the potential to cause environmental damage" and the Court in issuing such a delay shall be in the form of a "Verdict", so that it is different from the arrangement in Article 67 of the State Administrative Judicature Law and its derivatives which stipulates that the reason for the postponement of the validity of a State Administrative Decree if there is an "urgent circumstance" issued in the form of "Stipulation". The research shows that the Act Number 30, 2014 as a substantive law does not regulate in detailed regarding procedural law of such adjournment application, hence based on the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali a judge has to refer to the rule on the postponement that already exist till it is enacted the new one that might accommodate the postponement implementation and it can determine that the Postponement Execution Delay a judge must view the urgency of the Decision/the Government Action might be delayed by referring to review result or auditing from auditors of the environment that has been certified by the LSK of environmental auditors that is under the Ministry of Environment, and it is not against “ the public interest”.