scholarly journals Tales of the Horrors of War: Analysing Select Indian Fictions on World War I

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shahnawaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
First World War ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Men ◽  
First World

Conscription of Indian men from different states and ethnicities were recruited to fight in the First World War for the British in foreign lands, while Indian resources kept the Allies going. The discursive reduction of it quantified India to merely numbers, of soldiers given, soldiers lost, tons of food sent, and money spent. The Indian Movement for Independence as an act of political negotiation with the British masters had warranted the cultural amnesia of the Indian intellectual class about the War’s impact to focus on the more vital demand, and how easily were all the unwanted marks of the War hidden and left behind. Thus, my paper will examine the representation of War in India and identify the ways in which Indian involvements in the War remain unacknowledged in the contemporary period through select works of fiction and non-fiction by Indian authors. Therefore, it is a pressing concern that much of the information about the World War I from an Indian perspective is lost, or is on the verge of being lost forever, because of the general apathy towards the preservation of such materials. This engagement with the First World War is not acknowledged the way it should be, since most of these works are not even categorized or identified as ‘war literature’ even if their sole concern remained precisely that. It is also important in this regard to understand the inclusion of the World War I in the silences and the omissions. Therefore, I will analyse select literary texts by Indian authors to evaluate the intersections of fiction and history alongside the enunciation of the unknown/forgotten voices of the marginalized people in the World War I.

“TO BE INDIFFERENT AND TO BE YOUNG”: DISRAELI, SYBIL, AND THE PRESERVATION OF AN AMERICAN “RACE,” 1879–1912

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Fraser
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World Economy ◽  
First World War ◽  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
World War ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
British Novel ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
First World

On November 16, 1918, a little more than two weeks after an armistice officially ended World War I, an editorial in the Idaho Statesman offered advice about the future of the world economy. Lifting the title of its editorial directly from Benjamin Disraeli's Sybil, or The Two Nations, the Statesman argued only the political philosophy espoused by that novel and its author could show the world a way forward. Quoting from the novel's final paragraph, the newspaper declares: “‘To be indifferent and to be young can no longer be synonymous.’ Those words were true when Disraeli penned them just 73 years ago, but they apply with striking force to the problems of today and to the problems which will be certain to develop in the years just ahead” (“Trustees of Posterity” 4). The newspaper wasn't only advocating political involvement by the nation's youth, nor was Disraeli. Sybil proposes a particular kind of economic and political order, a union between a “just” aristocracy, led by the young and ambitious, and the laboring classes. It proposes that great statesmen take up the mantle of responsibility just as Thomas Carlyle, in Disraeli's day, advocated great captains of industry take up that mantle (Houghton 328). The newspaper's argument implies this seventy-year-old British novel will be critical to America's political future. But this vision of responsibility belongs in the nineteenth century – it is rooted in the conflict between republicanism and aristocratic oligarchy – and the timing of the Statesman article at first seems wildly inappropriate. As the First World War ended, the Statesman expected the world would face the kind of threats Americans had perceived before the war. The editorial warns that “mobocracy” still “holds nearly half of the area of Europe and much of northern Asia in its bloody and irresponsible grip.” If there is any doubt about who is behind this “mobocracy,” the newspaper clears that matter up, answering: “Bolshevists, Socialists and all of the disciples of unrest who may be roughly grouped as ‘The Reds’” (“Trustees of Posterity” 4). And when the Statesmen warns about “Reds,” it can easily expect its readers to remember that, only seventeen years earlier, President McKinley had been shot by just such a “Red”: Leon Czolgosz, an alleged anarchist and the child of Polish immigrants.

Arthur Kahane, Reinhardt's Dramaturge

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Henry Kahane
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Early Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
First World

I grew up in the world of the Deutsches Theater, a witness of Reinhardt's early period in Berlin, in the years before the First World War. I remember Reinhardt's father, a noble, distinguished-looking gentleman, friendly, quiet, and dignified; Reinhardt's mother, shy and easily worried; their early home in Den Zelten, then later and for many years, the beautiful Old-Berlin house on the Kupfergraben; many evenings with endless telephone discussions between Max Reinhardt and my father, devoted to the interpretation of the play for which Reinhardt was preparing the Regiebuch; the exciting atmosphere of a dress rehearsal; the metropolitan, cosmopolitan glamour of a Reinhardt premiere; summers in Bavaria, where Reinhardt directed the Münchener Festspiele; the summer of 1913, in Massa and Carrara, when Reinhardt tried his hand with the new medium, the film. I came in touch with that world through the role played in it by my father, Arthur Kahane. It is his portrait that I should like to sketch.

scholarly journals The Great War: Cinema, Propaganda, and The Emancipation of Film Language

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-156
Author(s):  
Christina Stojanova
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Film Language ◽  
First World

AbstractThe relation between war and cinema, propaganda and cinema is a most intriguing area, located at the intersection of media studies, history and film aesthetics. A truly tragic moment in human history, the First World War was also the first to be fought before film cameras. And while in the field, airborne reconnaissance became cinematic (Virilio), domestic propaganda occupied the screen of the newly emergent national cinemas, only to see its lucid message challenged and even subverted by the fast-evolving language of cinema. Part one of this paper looks at three non-fiction films, released in 1916:Battle of Somme, With Our Heroes at the Somme(Bei unseren Helden an der Somme) andBattle of Somme(La Bataille de la Somme), as paradigmatic propaganda takes on the eponymous historical battle from British, German and French points of view. Part two analyses two war-time Hollywood melodramas, David Wark Griffith’sHearts of the World(1918) and Allen Holubar’sThe Heart of Humanity(1919), and explains the longevity of the former with the powerful “text effect” of the authentic wartime footage included. Thus, while these WWI propaganda works do validate Virilio’s ideas of the integral connections between technology, war and cinema, and between cinema and propaganda, they also herald the emancipation of post-WWI film language.

Imperial Berlin and Washington: New Light on Germany's Foreign Policy and America's Entry into World War I

1978 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard R. Doerries
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World War I ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
The Government ◽  
War Aims ◽  
First World

Since the early 1960s we have witnessed in West German historical writing noteworthy changes in the interpretation of the causes of the First World War and, therefore, of the meaning of that war for Germany. One is particularly struck by the refreshing debate which ensued among German scholars on Germany's war aims specifically and on Imperial Germany's foreign policy prior to the World War in general. The so-called captured German documents of the Foreign Office and other branches of the government were returned to Germany, and a younger generation of historians eagerly examined the newly available material. Remarkable, if at times controversial, studies were the result of the scholarly reexamination of the German imperial era. Yet, in all the commotion and controversy, there was one area of German foreign policy which conspicuously remained ignored or treated with astonishing marginality

scholarly journals Cultural life of the population of Belarus in the First World War Periodicals

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
O. P. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
First World War ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
World War ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
First World

Cultural life of people of Belarus, based on the analysis of the periodicals first World War, is studied in the article. The sources of the research are as follows: “Nasha Niva”, “Belarus”, “Goman”, “Vilenskije gubernskije vedomosti”, “Orshanskij vestnik”, “Minskaja gazeta-kopeika”, “Minskij golos”, “Beloruskij kalendar”. The author accentuates that cultural life of the population of Belarus during the World War I was polyethnic due to the fact that there were more than thirty nationalities within relatively small Belarusian and Lithuanian region.The abstracts from descriptions of cultural events provided by the witnesses, their opinions on these or those issues in culture, having been published in the newspapers of the period of research, are provided to indentify the of tendencies and peculiarities of cultural development of the population on the territory of Belarus. It is stated that cultural life in its various forms is often used as a tool for gaining material source to support the army, refugees and other categories of people suffering during the World War I.

OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE FACTORS OF THE WORLD WAR I OUTBREAK: THE POINTS OF DISCUSSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
M.I. LAVITSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Holistic Vision ◽  
The Given ◽  
First World

The purpose of this article is to rethink critically the key dogmas justifying the reasons for the First World War outbreak exclusively by the given era political figures’ subjective delusions or by the objective laws of the historical process. The scientific novelty of the study is to develop a more holistic vision of the root causes of the First World War outbreak. The author shows that the First World War was an organic result of national states formation in Europe, based on democratic mechanisms of foreign policy goals legitimation.

Ale na razie tu cisza” – fotografie sprzed katastrofy w wybranych zapisach literackich (Stefan Chwin, Ryszard Kapuściński, Wisława Szymborska)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Magdalena Strąk
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
First World War ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The work aims to show a peculiar perspective of looking at photographs taken on the eve of the broadly understood disaster, which is specified in a slightly different way in each of the literary texts (Stefan Chwin’s autobiographical novel Krótka historia pewnego żartu [The brief history of a certain joke], a poem by Ryszard Kapuściński Na wystawie „Fotografia chłopów polskich do 1944 r.” [At an exhibition “The Polish peasants in photographs to 1944”] and Wisława Szymborska’s Fotografia z 11 września [Photograph from September 11]) – as death in a concentration camp, a general concept of the First World War or a terrorist attack. Upcoming tragic events – of which the photographed people are not yet aware – become for the subsequent recipient an inseparable element of reality contained in the frame. For the later observers, privileged with time perspective, the characters captured in the photograph are already victims of the catastrophe, which in reality was not yet recorded by the camera. It is a work about coexistence of the past and future in the field of photography.

Building Power to Change the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Politics ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
First World ◽  
Rosa Luxemburg

The German council movements arose through mass strikes and soldier mutinies towards the end of the First World War. They brought down the German monarchy, founded several short-lived council republics, and dramatically transformed European politics. This book reconstructs how participants in the German council movements struggled for a democratic socialist society. It examines their attempts to democratize politics, the economy, and society through building powerful worker-led organizations and cultivating workers’ political agency. Drawing from the practices of the council movements and the writings of theorists such as Rosa Luxemburg, Anton Pannekoek, and Karl Kautsky, this book returns to their radical vision of a self-determining society and their political programme of democratization and socialization. It presents a powerful argument for renewed attention to the political theories of this historical period and for their ongoing relevance today.

The Compost Wars

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
First World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Popular Audience ◽  
First World

After the death of Gabrielle Howard from cancer, Albert married her sister Louise. Louise had been pressured to leave Cambridge as a classics lecturer as a result of her pro-peace writings during the First World War. After working for Virginia Wolf, she then worked for the League of Nations in Geneva. Louise was herself an expert on labor and agriculture, and helped Albert write for a popular audience. Albert Howard toured plantations around the world advocating the Indore Method. After the publication of the Agricultural Testament (1943), Albert Howard focused on popularizing his work among gardeners and increasingly connected his composting methods to issues of human health.

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