scholarly journals The importance of radiation fog in the tropical seasonal rain forest of Xishuangbanna, south-west China

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Jie Liu ◽  
Ping Yuan Wang ◽  
Jin Tao Li ◽  
Peng Ju Li ◽  
Wen Yao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Radiation Fog ◽  
West China ◽  
South West ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

The tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China has a high floristic diversity and is closely related to Malaysian rain forests in flora. This forest would not normally be established in such a climatic region as Xishuangbanna (less precipitation and lower air temperature) compared to those of the lowland moist tropics. The mean annual rainfall is 1487 mm, which is considerably lower than rain forests in other parts of the world. It is believed that the frequent occurrence of radiation fog might play an important role in the water relations of plants and in the hydrological cycle of this type of rain forest. However, the multiple hydrological and ecological effects of radiation fog are not well understood. In this paper, we describe and analyze the significance of radiation fog to this forest, and develop a hypothesis that fog plays an important role in the presence of the tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna. Suggestions for further research on the significance of fog are offered.

scholarly journals Water input from fog drip in the tropical seasonal rain forest of Xishuangbanna, South-West China

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Liu ◽  
Fan-Rui Meng ◽  
Yiping Zhang ◽  
Yuhong Liu ◽  
Hongmei Li
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
West China ◽  
South West ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Tropical Seasonal Rain Forest ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

Fog drip and related microclimatic factors were measured between January 1999 and December 2002 at a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, South-West China. During the study period, the annual average fog drip was 89.4±13.5 mm (mean±1 SD). Fog drip contributes an estimated 5% of the annual rainfall, with 86% of the fog drip occurring in the dry season (November–April). Annual fog drip was negatively correlated with annual rainfall. Monthly variation in fog drip was also negatively correlated with monthly rainfall. Average daily fog drip was 0.38±0.27 mm d−1 for all days on which fog drip occurred. Daily fog drip was negatively correlated with minimum air temperature and positively correlated with mean above-canopy wind speed. The results indicate that fog drip is an important additional input of water to this seasonal rain forest during the dry season.

Fog and rain water chemistry in the seasonal tropical rain forest of Xishuangbanna, south-west China

2011 ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
W. J. Liu ◽  
H. M. Li ◽  
Y. P. Zhang ◽  
C. M. Wang ◽  
F. R. Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
West China ◽  
South West

scholarly journals LINGKUNGAN VEGETASI SITUS PERCANDIAN PADANG LAWAS DAN TUMBUHAN BALAKA

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Arfian Arfian
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Lowland Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
High Level

Based on the results of research on the vegetation around Padang Lawas Temples, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatera Province, can be known that Padang Lawas Temple sites are located in vegetation environment of lowland tropical rain forest with a high level diversity of plant families, one of those plant families is Euphorbiaceae with one of its species, Phylanthus emlica. L(Balaka). Phylanthus emlica is a type wild plant that grows open spaces in lowland tropical rain forests. Observing its life characteristic and its habitat, then Balaka plant (Phylanthus emlica) in Padang Lawas Temples’ yards was not planted in purpose planted but grows naturally. Balaka plant (Phylanthus emlica) has different name in every area. In Melayu, this plant is known as malaka. In Minangkabau known as balaka, in Sunda known as malaka and in Java, this plant is known as Kemloko, meanwhile in Madura and Bali this plant is called mlakah ,and karsinta in Flores (NTT)

Solar energy conversion efficiencies during succession of a tropical rain forest in Amazonia

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Guillermo Saldarriaga ◽  
Robert John Luxmoore
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

ABSTRACTMean annual quantities of solar radiation absorbed during various stages of regeneration of a tropical rain forest in the upper Rio Negro valley of Colombia and Venezuela were estimated for the consecutive intervals between clear-cut and 1,3, 10, 20, 35, 60, 80 and 200 years of growth. Forest phytomass and litter fall data from each of these stages were used to calculate the mean annual net dry matter production per unit of absorbed photosynthelically active radiation (PAR), the PAR conversion efficiency. The quantities of PAR absorbed by the forest stands were calculated from the leaf area index values with an extinction coefficient for PAR of 0.74, a PAR albedo of 0.04, and an annual mean incoming PAR of 2.86GJ m-2y-1. Efficiency decreased with increase in successional stage. During the first 10 years of regrowth, the efficiency of conversion of PAR into above-ground phylomass averaged 0.23 g MJ-1, decreasing to 0.07 g MJ-1 over the following 50 years. Inclusion of annual root production in the calculations resulted in a small increase in PAR conversion efficiency; however, efficiency was more than doubled for some periods when the annual leaf and twig lillerfall were included. Efficiency values for above-ground production were much lower than PAR conversion efficiency values estimated for above-ground production of temperate forests.

scholarly journals Rediscovery of a rare Indian turtle

Oryx ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Groombridge ◽  
E.O. Moll ◽  
J. Vijaya
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
South West ◽  
Data Book

While information was being gathered for Part 1 of the new IUCN Amphibia-Reptiha Red Data Book, dealing with crocodilians and chelonians (Groombridge, 1982), it became evident that one small terrestrial emydid turtle, Heosemys silvatica, was known to science by only two museum specimens, both collected i n 1911 in hill rain forest in south-west India (Henderson, 1912). The apparent rarity of the species, and the extent to which rain forests in south-west India have been destroyed or modified, led to concern for the species's survival and made a survey of the type locality a matter of priority. The species was included, with ‘Indeterminate’ status, in the new Red Data Book. This paper is a pre liminary report of a brief field survey initiated by the first author and carried out between 26 October and 5 November 1982.

scholarly journals Investigations on the poisoning of tropical rain-forests for land-reclamation and wood-exploitation purposes.

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
G.H. Morhaus ◽  
L.F. Van Santen Kolff
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Cheap Method ◽  
Methods Of Application

Reports selective tree-poisoning trials in Sumatra in 1955-57, using various concentrations of Na arsenite, trioxone, NH4 sulphamate, and 2, 4, 5-T, and various methods of application. Some 17 species were poisoned [but no distinction is made between species in the evaluation of the results]. It was found that NH4 sulphamate was virtually useless, and that trioxone and 2, 4, 5-T in water had only a slight effect, and were still unsatisfactory in diesel oil; they were more effective against smaller trees. Na arsenite was the best, especially at stronger concentrations. It is concluded that selective poisoning makes possible the easy exploitation of suitable timbers, and provides a quick and cheap method of clearance, in which less tractor time is needed and damage to the soil is slight. KEYWORDS: trees \ poisoning \ control \ trees \ poisoning \ control \ tropical rain forest \ Silviculture \ Tending \ stands and trees \ herbicides \ 2, 4-D \ and 2, 4, 5 T \ herbicides \ Ammate \ herbicides \ Na arsenite (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Plant secondary compounds in the canopy and understorey of a tropical rain forest in Gabon

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
KELSEY DOWNUM ◽  
DAVID LEE ◽  
FRANCIS HALLÉ ◽  
MARTIN QUIRKE ◽  
NEIL TOWERS
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Plant Secondary Compounds ◽  
Spatial Exploration

Given their difficulty of access, the canopies of tropical rain forests are considered a last frontier of biological/ecological research (Lowman & Nadkarni 1995). Climbing techniques are arduous and do not reach the tips of branches; towers, cranes and walkways limit the spatial exploration of the forest.

scholarly journals Shade tolerance within the context of the successional process in tropical rain forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2SUPL) ◽  
pp. S53-S77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Avalos
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Successional Trajectory

Shade tolerance (the capacity to survive and grow over long periods under shade) is a key component of plant fitness and the foundation of current theories of forest succession in tropical rain forests. It serves as a paradigm to understand the optimal allocation of limited resources under dynamic light regimes. I analyze how tropical rain forest succession influences the expression of ecophysiological mechanisms leading to shade tolerance, and identify future areas that will increase our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of this phenomenon. Shade tolerance is a multivariate, continuous functional trait reflecting the growth-mortality trade-off of investing resources under limited light vs. exploiting high light conditions. I propose the life cycle successional trajectory model of Gómez-Pompa & Vázquez-Yanes as an integrative tool to understand tropical rain forest succession. This model shows how species distribute along the successional environmental gradient based on their degree of shade tolerance and represents a more integrative paradigm to understand the interface between different aspects of species diversity (ontogenetic variation and functional diversity) throughout succession. It proposes that different trait combinations determining shade tolerance are expressed at different stages of the life cycle, which affects how and when plants enter the successional trajectory. Models explaining the expression of shade tolerance (resource availability, carbon gain, CSR, resource competition) are based on whole-plant economics and are not mutually exclusive. The analysis of shade tolerance is biased towards tree seedlings in the understory of mature forests. Other life stages (juvenile and adult trees), life forms, and microhabitats throughout the forest profile are almost always excluded from these analyses. More integrative explanations based on the distribution of functional traits among species, ontogenetic stages, and the nature of the environmental gradient are being developed based on long-term data and chronosequence comparisons. In summary, shade-tolerance is a complex phenomenon, is determined by multiple characters that change ontogenetically over space and time and entails considerable plasticity. Current methods do not account for this plasticity. Understanding the nature of shade tolerance and its functional basis is critical to comprehending plant performance and improving the management, restoration and conservation of tropical rain forests given the combined threats of global warming and habitat loss

scholarly journals PENCUCIAN BAHAN ORGANIK TANAH PADA TIGA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI DAERAH HUTAN HUJAN TROPIS SUPER BASAH PINANG-PINANG GUNUNG GADUT PADANG

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita ◽  
Adrinal Adrinal ◽  
Arief Fauzan Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
West Sumatra

Study about soil organic matter (SOM) leaching in soil profiles of tropical rain forest was conducted in Bukit Pinang-Pinang, the upper footslope of Mt. Gadut in West Sumatra, and in Soil Physical laboratory Andalas University Padang.  Bukit Pinang-Pinang is located on 480-640 m asl and geographically is between 100°29’40” and 100°30’20 E”  as well as between 0°54’55” and 0°55’45”S.  This rain forest area is known as a super wet area because it receives high annual rainfall (>3500 mm).  The objective of this research was to measure the amount of SOM leached from top soil into the deeper soil.  Undisturbed soil samples were taken from three different land uses, forest, bush, and mixed garden, on the top, middle, and foot slopes.  Undisturbed soil samples were leached with distilled water as the amount of rainfall accepted in natural condition. The results showed that, land use change from forest into ecosystems of mixed garden (for over 50 years with 100% soil surface coverage and without any cultivation) and bush land (for over 20 years left) did not cause the SOM content in the profiles decreased. Amount of SOM leached from the top 0-10 cm was found greater from mixed garden, then followed by forest on the upper slope, forest on the middle slope, and bush area.Keywords: SOM leaching, land use change, tropical rain forest, bush, mixed garden

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Rainfall Variability using GIS Approach in Trichy District of Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 890-897
Author(s):  
P. Ponnuchakkammal P. Ponnuchakkammal ◽  
B. Violet Joy ◽  
P. Aravind ◽  
A. Raviraj A. Raviraj
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
West Monsoon

Precipitation is one of the transportation components in hydrological cycle. The magnitude of precipitation swings with time and space. Majorly India receives precipitation in the form of rainfall. Precipitation plays a key role in the rainfed agriculture. The present study deals with the rainfall characteristics of Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu. Seasonal rainfall data from eighteen rain gauge stations (1971-2012) have been taken for analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall pattern of Tiruchirappalli district. Mean rainfall of the district is about 696 mm. The highest rainfall of 1247 mm recorded in the year 2005 and the lowest precipitation of 227 mm recorded in the year 1976. About 48 percent and 35 percent of the rainfall received in North East and South West Monsoon, respectively. Spatial rainfall distribution was studied with the help of Kriging interpolation technique and respective maps were prepared with Geographical Information System. The percentage departure of annual rainfall is classified under the category of excess, normal and large excess category. South East and central part of Tiruchirappalli receives moderate to low rainfall. North East parts of Tiruchirappalli district such as pullambadi, Lalgudi and nearby areas received maximum rainfall during North East Monsoon and South West Monsoon. In winter season Manapparai and Vaiyampatti region received more rainfall while in summer season Thottiam and Mayanur area received more rainfall. The two major highlighted crops in Trichy district are Banana and Onion. Tiruchirappalli district is one of the Banana growing belts in Tamil Nadu. Spatial distribution of rainfall maps will be helpful to form a crop plan for different crops to increase the agricultural productivity of Tiruchirappalli district and to ensure the food security.

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