scholarly journals Mitigating thermal and water stress in lentils via cultivar selection and phosphorus fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia S. Theologidou ◽  
Demetrios Baxevanos ◽  
Ioannis T. Tsialtas
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Season Interaction

Abstract Climate change affects the Mediterranean region stressing lentil crops during flowering and seed set. Early maturation and drought tolerance are desirable traits in these conditions. Phosphorus (P) is considered to enhance early flowering, maturity and thus yields. Four P rates (0, 30, 60, 90 kg P2O5 ha−1) were applied on four cultivars (Samos, Thessaly, Flip, Ikaria) during two seasons. Growing degree-days (GDD) were calculated for vegetative (V4–5, V7–8) and reproductive stages (R1, R2, R4, R6, R8). At R2 (full bloom) carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was used to assess water-use efficiency. At R8 (full maturity), the seed weight (SW) was determined by harvest. Cultivars, P and the P × cultivar and P × growth season interactions affected the earliness in reproductive stages; P had no effect on GDD of vegetative stages. Phosphorus both induced earliness (Flip, Thessaly) and delayed maturity (Samos, Ikaria). GDD and SW were negatively correlated for the P × cultivar interaction at R1 (first bloom), R2, R4 (flat pod) and R6 (full pod filling) stages; being the strongest at R1. Negative correlations were evident for the P × growth season interaction at R2, R4 and R6 stages; being the strongest at R4. Cultivars and P did not affect Δ. A proper combination of cultivar and P rate can mitigate lentil yield losses under changing Mediterranean climate.

Effects of phosphorus fertilization and liming on growth, mineral nutrition, and gas exchange of Alnus rubra seedlings grown in soils from mature alluvial Alnus stands

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2089-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Brown ◽  
P J Courtin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
High Ph ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Mature Stands

In southern coastal British Columbia, red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) is recommended for reforestation on some low-elevation, fertile, and moist sites (e.g., alluvial sites). Correlative data indicate that P deficiencies limit the growth of alder in low-pH soils; deficiencies of P and other elements may also develop in the presence of an alder stand. Because alder may be grown in repeated rotations on alluvial sites, we sought to determine whether elemental deficiencies were likely in soils from mature stands. We examined the effects of P additions (as triple super phosphate) and liming (as dolomitic limestone) on potted red alder seedlings grown in soils from mature alluvial alder stands. Four soils were "low-pH" (mean = 4.5) and two were "high-pH" (mean = 5.5); all were classified as very rich. Growth of unfertilized seedlings was greatest in the soil with the highest soil Bray-P levels. Growth rates increased with P supply, but the response decreased with increasing Bray-P and was less in the high-pH soils. Liming increased soil pH and uptake of Mg, but did not increase growth. Phosphorus additions increased growth mainly by increasing P uptake, leaf size, and biomass allocation to branches. Photosynthetic rates were highest in the intermediate P treatment, but instantaneous water use efficiency increased with P rate. Phosphorus deficiencies may limit the growth of alder seedlings in alluvial soils previously containing mature alder stands.

Re-visiting use of Penicillium bilaii with phosphorus fertilization of hard red spring wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Karamanos ◽  
N A Flore ◽  
J T Harapiak
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Use Efficiency

Penicillium bilaii is a fungus that lives in association with plant roots and has been shown to increase phosphorus (P) solubility and uptake by some crops. A series of 47 experiments with hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that were carried out in the three prairie provinces between 1989 and 1995 and included treatment with P. bilaii as a main plot (with or without) and four rates of fertilizer P (0, 4.4, 8.7 and 13.1 kg P ha-1) as subplots were statistically analyzed to ascertain whether use of P. bilaii resulted in increases in both yield and P uptake by wheat. Of the 47 experiments, response to fertilizer P was obtained in 33 experiments and to P. bilaii in 14, in five of which the response was positive and nine resulted in yield decreases. These responses could not be attributed either to extractable P soil concentration, soil organic matter (SOM) or texture, or weather conditions and are considered random events. Overall, P uptake was a function of fertilizer P rate only.Key words: Seed-treatment, seed yield, P uptake, P use efficiency

scholarly journals Basal area growth, carbon isotope discrimination, and intrinsic water use efficiency after fertilization of Douglas-fir in the Oregon Coast Range

2017 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eladio H. Cornejo-Oviedo ◽  
Steven L. Voelker ◽  
Douglas B. Mainwaring ◽  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
Frederick C. Meinzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Lettuce Response to Phosphorus Fertilization with Struvite Recovered from Municipal Wastewater

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo González-Ponce ◽  
Esther G. López-de-Sá ◽  
César Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Spanish Research

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) production is widely studied as a way to remove phosphorus (P) from wastewater and generate a potentially marketable P fertilizer, but its effects on crops have yet to be researched more thoroughly. This study was conducted to evaluate struvite recovered by the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) pilot process (STR) as a source of P for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by comparing its effectiveness with that of single superphosphate (SUP), a common P fertilizer derived from phosphate rock. In a greenhouse pot experiment, a P-deficient loamy sand soil was amended with either SUP or STR at P rates of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mg·kg−1. Nitrogen and potassium were uniformly supplied to all treatments. The response of lettuce head fresh weight and P uptake to P rate exhibited statistically significant quadratic relationships for both SUP and STR. With respect to SUP, STR was significantly more effective in increasing lettuce yield and P uptake, probably because of the larger amount of magnesium (Mg) incorporated with this material and a synergistic effect on P uptake. This work supports previous findings based on other test crops in suggesting that STR can be a P source attractive to the fertilizer market with additional agronomic and environmental benefits such as providing available Mg and nitrogen, helping attenuate consumption of phosphate rock, and reducing release of P by discharge of treated wastewaters to surface and groundwater systems.

scholarly journals Cultivation of CNPA G3 sesame irrigated with saline water and fertilized with nitrate-N and ammonium-N

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Adaan S. Dias ◽  
Lauriane A. dos A. Soares ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
José P. Camara Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Delayed Flowering

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water and fertilization with nitrate (NO3--N) and ammonium (NH4+-N) ratios on growth, flowering, water consumption and water use efficiency of the sesame cv. CNPA G3. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in a 5 x 5 factorial with three replicates, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - ECw (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and nitrate (NO3--N) and ammonium (NH4+-N) (200/0, 150/50, 100/100, 50/150, 0/200 mg kg-1) ratios. Irrigation with saline water above 0.6 dS m-1 inhibited the growth, delayed flowering and promoted early maturation of capsules of sesame, cv. CNPA G3. The proportion of 0/200 mg kg-1 of NO3--N/NH4+-N promoted the greatest increase relative to stem diameter and height of sesame plants. Water consumption decreases with increasing ECw and was significantly lower in plants fertilized with the proportion of 0/200 of NO3--N/NH4+-N. The interaction between ECw levels and ammonium/nitrate proportions significantly affect water use efficiency, and the highest value was obtained with ECw of 0.6 dS m-1 and fertilization with 150:50 mg kg-1 of NO3--N and NH4+-N.

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