scholarly journals Neurosensory effects of chronic exposure to arsenic via drinking water in Inner Mongolia: I. signs, symptoms and pinprick testing

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Li ◽  
Yajuan Xia ◽  
Kegong Wu ◽  
Linlin He ◽  
Zhixiong Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Neurological Effect ◽  
Neurological Exam

This study was designed to assess the effects of exposure to arsenic in drinking water on neurosensory function. A questionnaire including neurological signs and symptoms and a brief neurological exam consisting of pinprick testing of the arms and legs and knee-jerk test were administered to 321 residents of the Bamen region of Inner Mongolia, China. Arsenic in water was measured by hydride generation atomic fluorescence. Participants were divided into three exposure groups—low (non-detectible-20), medium (100–300) and high (400–700 μg/l) arsenic. Significant group differences were observed in pinprick scores for all four limbs. Results indicate that arsenic alters pinprick (pain) thresholds at well-water concentrations as low as 400 μg/l, well below the 1000 μg/l threshold for neurological effect specified by NRC (1999). Regression models suggest that a 50% increase in pinprick score is associated with a 71–159 ppb increase in arsenic concentration.

scholarly journals Neurosensory effects of chronic exposure to arsenic via drinking water in Inner Mongolia: II. Vibrotactile and visual function

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Otto ◽  
H. Kenneth Hudnell ◽  
Judy Mumford ◽  
Andrew Geller ◽  
Timothy Wade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Vibrotactile Thresholds

This study was designed to assess the effects of exposure to arsenic in drinking water on visual and vibrotactile function in residents of the Bamen region of Inner Mongolia, China. Arsenic was measured by hydride generation atomic fluorescence. 321 participants were divided into three exposure groups– low (non-detectable-20), medium (100-300) and high (400-700 μg /l) arsenic in drinking water (AsW). Three visual tests were administered: acuity, contrast sensitivity and color discrimination (Lanthony's Desaturated 15 Hue Test). Vibration thresholds were measured with a vibrothesiometer. Vibration thresholds were significantly elevated in the high exposure group compared to other groups. Further analysis using a spline regression model suggested that the threshold for vibratory effects is between 150-170 μg /l AsW. These findings provide the first evidence that chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water impairs vibrotactile thresholds. The results also indicate that arsenic affects neurological function well below the 1000 μg /l concentration reported by NRC (1999). No evidence of arsenic-related effects on visual function was found.

scholarly journals Status of Arsenic Contamination and Assessment of other Probable Heavy Metal Contaminants in Ground Water of Dang District in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Mahat ◽  
RP Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Metal Contaminants ◽  
High Concentration

Issue of arsenic contamination in drinking water in Terai belt has been a prevalent phenomenon in Nepal. So, this study has been conducted to visualize the status of arsenic contamination in ground water in Dang district located at central west Terai in Nepal. A total of 26,878 Tubewells and Dugwells were tested in 36 Village Development Committees (VDCs) using HACH arsenic testing field kit and 811 samples were re-tested employing Wagtech Digital Arsenator. 540 samples were analysed for confirmation by continuous flow Hydride Generation Technique using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in the DWSS laboratory. Of the total samples, 0.83% was found to contain Arsenic above WHO drinking water Qualty guidelines value of 0.01 mg/l (10 ppb) and 0.2% was found to contain arsenic above National Drinking Water Quality Guidelines value of 50 ppb. Gobardiha and Gangaparaspur are the two most affected VDCs with 1.75 and 1.16 percents of Tubewells being affected by arsenic of concentration above 50 ppb. The highest Arsenic concentration of 150 ppb was found in Bela and Gobardiha VDCs and a severe case of Arsenicosis was identified in Bela VDC. 20 samples were randomly chosen and analyzed for other heavy and trace metal contaminants like Cu, Fe, Mn, and Cd using flame AAS method. Ground water in this area seems to be affected by high concentration of Iron upto 11.01 mg/l and of Manganese upto 0.51 mg/l. Statistical tools were employed to assess the probable association among them but no significant correlation among arsenic and other metals could be retrieved. Keywords: Atomic Absorption; Spectrophotometry; Standard Reduction Potential; Arsenicosis; Heavy and Trace metals. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3821  Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.33-36

Preconcentration of Arsenic in Radix aucklandiae by Sulfhydryl Cotton and Determination by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Qing Shan Pan ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
He Ping Yan ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Bao Sen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Separation Conditions

Using sulfhydryl cotton for preconcentration of arsenic in Radix aucklandiae and determination of the arsenic by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The samples were pretreated by high pressure digest. The experimental conditions such as negative high-voltage of instrument, preconcentration conditions and separation conditions of arsenic were studied and optimized. There was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and arsenic concentration in the range of 0-10μg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997, while the detection limits was 0.06μg/L, and the relative standard deviation was 1.7% .The content of arsenic in the samples was 68.9-252.3µg/kg and the recovery was 90.0-95.0%.

Determination of Total Arsenic in Chinese Traditional Herbs by High Pressure Digestion-Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1967-1970
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Qing Shan Pan ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Du Shu Huang ◽  
Ai Ping Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Relative Standard

To determine total arsenic in Chinese traditional herbs, a hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method was developed. The samples were pretreated by digesting system with HNO3-H2O2. The experimental conditions were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the samples was measured. There was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and arsenic concentration in the range of 0～80μg•L-1with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995,while the detection limit was 0.036μg•L-1,the relative standard deviation was 1.9% .Trace total arsenic in the samples was 0.145～0.376μg•g-1 and a recovery range of 83.9%～108.5% were obtained.

scholarly journals Determination of Arsenic in Seafood by Focused Microwave Digestion and Hydride Generation–Atomic Fluorescence Detection

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Vilanó ◽  
Roser Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Oyster Tissue ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Arsenic Determination

Abstract A new method was developed for total arsenic determination in seafood products such as oysters, mussels, tuna fish, and algae. Matrix decomposition and oxidation to arsenate of all the arsenic compounds in the product were completed in 25 min by using a 3-step program of focused microwaves (40–120 W) with nitric and sulfuric acids. Quantitation was performed by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence detection (HG–AFS). Results of method optimization are presented and discussed. A detection limit <125 μg/kg arsenic was obtained; the quantitation limit was close to 400 μg/kg, with repeatability and reproducibility <5% relative standard deviation. Validation was performed by analyzing 4Reference Materials (arsenic concentration expressed as mg/kg): The National Institute of Standards and Technology SRM 1566a Oyster tissue (14.0 ± 1.2); the Bureau Community of Reference (now Standard Measurements & Testing Program) CRM 278 Mussel tissue (5.9 ± 0.2) and CRM 627 Tuna fish (4.8 ± 0.3); and the International Atomic Energy Agency RM 140 Fucus sample (44.3 ± 2.1).

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Behavioral and emotional differences between children of divorce and children from intact families: Clinical significance and mediating processes *This study is part of a dissertation () supported from the German research community.

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schick
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Children Of Divorce ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Intact Families ◽  
Divorce Adjustment ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
German Research ◽  
Clinically Significant

The following study is based on a sample of 241 9-13-year-old children (66 children from divorced parents, 175 children from non divorced parents). They were examined for differences regarding anxiety, self-esteem, different areas of competence, and degree of behavior problems. With a focus on the children’s experiences, the clinically significant differences were examined. Clinically significant differences, revealing more negative outcomes for the children of divorce, were only found for social anxiety and unstable performance. The frequency of clinical significant differences was independent of the length of time the parents had been separated. The perceived destructiveness of conflict between the parents one of four facets of interparental conflict in this study functioned as a central mediator of the statistically significant group differences. The children’s perception of the father’s social support was a less reliable indicator of variance. Further studies should try to make underlying theoretical assumptions about the effects of divorce more explicit, to distinguish clearly between mediating variables, and to investigate them with respect to specific divorce adjustment indicators.

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