Effects of Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on Freshwater Fish: A Canadian Perspective

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Bleached Kraft Mill Effluents

Abstract The published information on sublethal effects of untreated and biologically-treated bleached kraft mill effluents (BKME) on freshwater fish has been critically reviewed from a Canadian perspective. Despite the vast data base, a clear assessment of BKME effects to fish was difficult. Based on the available information to date, BKME discharges do not seem to cause serious sublethal toxic effects on fish at concentrations expected to be found in Canada's receiving freshwaters. Only the tainting of fish flesh (a non-toxic effect) has been identified to be a possible consequence of BKME discharges at certain dilution levels. In order to properly assess the effect of BKME, future studies should be aimed at identifying possible problems relating to fish tainting compounds, fish reproduction, early development and habitat alteration (e.g. colour, nutrients).

Responses in a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Lifecycle Test and in Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to a Canadian Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy ◽  
Pierre H. Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Abstract To evaluate currently available bioassays for their use in investigating the causes of pulp and paper mill effluent effects on fish reproduction, the responses of wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected from the receiving environment at the bleached kraft mill at La Tuque, Quebec, were compared with responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to effluent in a laboratory lifecycle test. White sucker collected at effluent exposed sites had increased liver size but none of the reproductive effects that had been documented in earlier field studies at this site. Exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) in the lab led to significantly decreased length, but increased weight and liver size in male fathead minnow. Female length was also decreased and liver size was increased at high effluent exposures. Most effluent concentrations (1 to 30%) significantly increased egg production compared with controls. The fathead minnow lifecycle assay mirrored the effects seen in wild fish captured downstream of the BKME discharge. These results will be used to select short-term fish tests for investigating the causes of and solutions to the effects of mill effluents on fish reproduction.

Kraft mill effluent survey: Progress toward best management practices for reducing effects on fish reproduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Pierre H. Martel ◽  
Brian I. O'Connor ◽  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
Mark E. McMaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

scholarly journals Economic Determinants of Industrial Water Demand: A Review of the Applied Research Literature

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Pilar Gracia-de-Rentería ◽  
Ramón Barberán
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Know How ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Industrial Water Demand ◽  
Available Information

This paper surveys the empirical, economic literature focused on the determinants of industrial water demand. Both the methodological issues and the outcomes of the previous studies are presented and discussed. Attention is given to key methodological issues, such as the available information, the type of data used, the specification of the variables, the choice of the estimated function, its functional form, and the estimation techniques used, highlighting the issues that require greater attention in future studies. Regarding the results, we focus on the estimated elasticities in order to know how the price of water, the level of activity, and the prices of the other inputs influence the demand for water.

Sublethal effects of environmental concentrations of caffeine on a neotropical freshwater fish

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Andreia dos Santos ◽  
Gabrielle Rabelo Quadra ◽  
Rafael M. Almeida ◽  
Laís Soranço ◽  
Haroldo Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Environmental Concentrations

Assessment of the Acute Toxicity, Growth Impairment, and Flesh Tainting Potential of a Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Whittle ◽  
K. W. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Static and continuous-flow bioassays utilizing juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were conducted on a northern Ontario bleached kraft mill effluent to assess the range of acute toxicity and related sublethal effects. The acute toxicity of the total mill effluent, as determined by static bioassay procedures, ranged from a 96-h LC50 value of 14–49.0% vol/vol. The results of these bioassays depended on testing methodology and effluent treatment systems employed by the mill when samples were collected. Continuous-flow bioassays conducted on the effluent Produced 96-h LC50 values of 21.8 and 24.8% vol/vol. Growth rate of juvenile rainbow trout (1–2 g) held under continuous-flow conditions for 18 days was significantly reduced at 6% vol/vol effluent concentration (P < 0.05). Flavor of yearling rainbow trout [Formula: see text] exposed to 3% effluent for 48 h was significantly impaired (P < 0.05). This effluent concentration, the lowest level impairing flavor represents approximately 0.12 of the 96-h LC50 derived from continuous-flow bioassays. No significant flavor impairment was detected in fish exposed for 144 h to a 2% effluent concentration Flavor impairment at a 3% vol/vol effluent concentration, the most sensitive sublethal response measured in this study, may also be the most critical response when assessing the economic impact of a kraft mill discharge to a freshwater ecosystem.

Decolorization of a kraft mill effluent with fungal mycelium immobilized in calcium alginate gel

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Livernoche ◽  
L. Jurasek ◽  
M. Desrochers ◽  
I. A. Veliky
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Alginate Gel ◽  
Calcium Alginate Gel ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Effects of bleached kraft mill effluent on fish in the St. Maurice River, Quebec

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1635-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
Denis Thivierge ◽  
Marie-Claude Levesque ◽  
Michelle McWhirter ◽  
Karen Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Physiological Disturbances in Fish Exposed to Bleached Kraft Mill Effluents

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Larsson ◽  
T. Andersson ◽  
L. Förlin ◽  
J. Härdig
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase System ◽  
Induction Of Enzymes ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Bleached Kraft Mill Effluents

Physiological methods, previously used as health indicators in laboratory investigations on fish exposed to environmental pollutants, have been applied to feral fish inhabiting coastal waters polluted by bleached kraft mill effluents (BKME). The results show that BKME affect important physiological functions and thereby the state of health of the fish in the receiving body of water. Typical symptoms were reduced gonad growth, enlarged liver, strong induction of enzymes in the hepatic mixed function oxidase system, elevated content of ascorbic acid in liver tissue, altered carbohydrate metabolism, disturbed ion balance and marked effects on the red and white blood cell pattern. Good agreement was found between the toxic effects detected in fish exposed to BKME in nature and those observed in laboratory investigations. The toxic effects were most pronounced in fish living up to 4.5 km from the discharge source, but some disturbances could be observed even in fish caught 8-10 km from the kraft pulp plant. This indicates that the area of influence where the BKME exert biological effects is much larger than was previously considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document