Physiological Disturbances in Fish Exposed to Bleached Kraft Mill Effluents

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Larsson ◽  
T. Andersson ◽  
L. Förlin ◽  
J. Härdig
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase System ◽  
Induction Of Enzymes ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Bleached Kraft Mill Effluents

Physiological methods, previously used as health indicators in laboratory investigations on fish exposed to environmental pollutants, have been applied to feral fish inhabiting coastal waters polluted by bleached kraft mill effluents (BKME). The results show that BKME affect important physiological functions and thereby the state of health of the fish in the receiving body of water. Typical symptoms were reduced gonad growth, enlarged liver, strong induction of enzymes in the hepatic mixed function oxidase system, elevated content of ascorbic acid in liver tissue, altered carbohydrate metabolism, disturbed ion balance and marked effects on the red and white blood cell pattern. Good agreement was found between the toxic effects detected in fish exposed to BKME in nature and those observed in laboratory investigations. The toxic effects were most pronounced in fish living up to 4.5 km from the discharge source, but some disturbances could be observed even in fish caught 8-10 km from the kraft pulp plant. This indicates that the area of influence where the BKME exert biological effects is much larger than was previously considered.

scholarly journals Topical Artocarpus communis Nanoparticles Improved the Water Solubility and Skin Permeation of Raw A. communis Extract, Improving Its Photoprotective Effect

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1372
Author(s):  
Chun-Yin Yang ◽  
Pao-Hsien Huang ◽  
Chih-Hua Tseng ◽  
Feng-Lin Yen
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Poor Water Solubility

Antioxidants from plant extracts are often used as additives in skincare products to prevent skin problems induced by environmental pollutants. Artocarpus communis methanol extract (ACM) has many biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and photoprotective effects; however, the poor water solubility of raw ACM has limited its applications in medicine and cosmetics. Topical antioxidant nanoparticles are one of the drug-delivery systems for overcoming the poor water solubility of antioxidants for increasing their skin penetration. The present study demonstrated that ACM-loaded hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 nanoparticles (AHP) were successfully prepared and could effectively increase the skin penetration of ACM through changing the physicochemical characteristics of raw ACM, including reducing the particle size, increasing the surface area, and inducing amorphous transformation. Our results also revealed that AHP had significantly better antioxidant activity than raw ACM for preventing photocytotoxicity because the AHP formulation increased the cellular uptake of the ACM in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. In conclusion, our results suggest that AHP may be used as a good topical antioxidant nanoparticle for delivering ACM into deep layers of the skin for preventing UVB-induced skin problems.

Occurrence, toxic effects, and mitigation of pesticides as emerging environmental pollutants using robust nanomaterials – A review

Chemosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 133538
Author(s):  
Azeem Intisar ◽  
Arooj Ramzan ◽  
Tehzeeb Sawaira ◽  
Amatul Kareem ◽  
Nazim Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Toxic Effects

Toxic effects of selected bleached kraft mill effluent constituents on the sea urchin sperm cell

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary N. Cherr ◽  
Jonathan M. Shenker ◽  
Cathy Lundmark ◽  
Kenneth O. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Sea Urchin Sperm

scholarly journals Toxic effects of environmental pollutants: Comparative investigation using Allium cepa L. and Lactuca sativa L.

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciele Lurdes Silveira ◽  
Maria Gabriela Franco Lima ◽  
Gabriela Barreto dos Reis ◽  
Marcel José Palmieri ◽  
Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieria
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Allium Cepa L

scholarly journals Chromium(VI) Toxicity in Legume Plants: Modulation Effects of Rhizobial Symbiosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana Ya. Stambulska ◽  
Maria M. Bayliak ◽  
Volodymyr I. Lushchak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Pigment Synthesis ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Rhizobial Symbiosis ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Legume Plants ◽  
Cellular Components

Most legume species have the ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with soil nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria that promote plant growth and productivity. There is an increasing evidence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) important role in formation of legume-rhizobium symbiosis and nodule functioning. Environmental pollutants such as chromium compounds can cause damage to rhizobia, legumes, and their symbiosis. In plants, toxic effects of chromium(VI) compounds are associated with the increased production of ROS and oxidative stress development as well as with inhibition of pigment synthesis and modification of virtually all cellular components. These metabolic changes result in inhibition of seed germination and seedling development as well as reduction of plant biomass and crop yield. However, if plants establish symbiosis with rhizobia, heavy metals are accumulated preferentially in nodules decreasing the toxicity of metals to the host plant. This review summarizes data on toxic effects of chromium on legume plants and legume-rhizobium symbiosis. In addition, we discussed the role of oxidative stress in both chromium toxicity and formation of rhizobial symbiosis and use of nodule bacteria for minimizing toxic effects of chromium on plants.

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