Fate and Transport Modelling of Perchloroethylene in the St. Clair River

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. McCorquodale ◽  
Kamal Ibrahim ◽  
Yousry Hamdy
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
River System ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
River Bed ◽  
System Water ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The response of the St. Clair River system (water column and bed sediments) to a spill of perchloroethylene (PERC) is predicted by application of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) TOXIWASP fate transport model. The spill occurred from August 13 to 16, 1986 at the Dow Chemical of Canada Inc. site. The estimated quantity of the spill was 18000 kg of which approximately 10,000 kg initially settled out In the vicinity of the Dow Chemical outfalls. At the end of 30 days the model indicated that about 12600 kg had been discharged to Lake St. Clair while 4500 kg and 90 kg remained on the river bed and in temporary storage in the water column respectively. Approximately 5% of the original spill was volatilized in the river during the 30 days after the spill.

scholarly journals Potential Chemicals from Plastic Wastes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3175
Author(s):  
Ravindra Prajapati ◽  
Kirtika Kohli ◽  
Samir K. Maity ◽  
Brajendra K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Medical Apparatus ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Future System ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
The U.S

Plastic is referred to as a “material of every application”. From the packaging and automotive industries to the medical apparatus and computer electronics sectors, plastic materials are fulfilling demands efficiently. These plastics usually end up in landfills and incinerators, creating plastic waste pollution. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in 2015, 9.1% of the plastic materials generated in the U.S. municipal solid waste stream was recycled, 15.5% was combusted for energy, and 75.4% was sent to landfills. If we can produce high-value chemicals from plastic wastes, a range of various product portfolios can be created. This will help to transform chemical industries, especially the petrochemical and plastic sectors. In turn, we can manage plastic waste pollution, reduce the consumption of virgin petroleum, and protect human health and the environment. This review provides a description of chemicals that can be produced from different plastic wastes and the research challenges involved in plastic waste to chemical production. This review also provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art processes to help future system designers in the plastic waste to chemicals area.

REGULATING RISK: OVERSIGHT OF MICROBIAL PRODUCTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY UNDER THE U.S. TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT

1999 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 329-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA A. EFROYMSON
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Toxic Substances Control Act ◽  
Risk Oversight ◽  
The U.S

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is the legislation used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to regulate releases of genetically engineered microorganisms. The rule defining the scope of the notification requirements for releases of microbial products of biotechnology was published in April 1997. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had some latitude regarding the extent to which various categories of microorganisms would be regulated, but the agency was constrained by requirements of TSCA and an interagency agreement about how to regulate products of biotechnology. This paper investigates the extent to which the scope of oversight is based on risk. A risk-based rule is defined as one where the reporting requirements are based on potential for exposure or expected adverse effects. The evolution of the rule is described, and risk-based components are discussed. In conclusion, the scope of oversight of microbial releases is determined to be based on risk to the extent that legislation and institutional constraints permit.

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