Pipe material and water quality in a holistic view

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
T. Hedberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Research Activities

The new trends in societies towards sustainable development have necessitated a new way of thinking regarding water treatment, the distribution of drinking water and wastewater treatment. A process of implementing new European water directives is ongoing and the consequences and need for coordination of these changes are discussed. Raw water qualities, water treatment technology and drinking water quality have impacts on water quality deterioration in the distribution networks that negatively affect the possibilities for recycling sewage sludge containing valuable nutrients. Measures for coping with these issues are discussed in general terms and suggestions for future strategies and research activities are given.

scholarly journals Water preammonization at central water treatment facilities in a large city as a way to minimize health risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
S.A. Sosnina ◽  
◽  
A.V. Mironovskaya ◽  
T.N. Unguryanu ◽  
R.V. Buzinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Large City ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities

At present chlorine compounds are widely used to disinfect water during water treatment procedures; it stimulates occurrence of toxic chlorinated organic compounds. Water preammonization with ammonia sulfate was implemented at central water treatment facilities in Arkhangelsk. Our research goal was to assess efficiency of water preammonization at central water treatment facilities in Arkhangelsk. Our research involved analyzing drinking water quality at central water treatment facilities prior to preammonization was implemented (from January 2016 to July 2017) and after it was implemented (from June 2018 to December 2019). We examined 14,674 water samples prior to water preammonization implementation and 15,165 water samples after it. Water quality was analyzed as per 19 parameters. Non-carcinogenic effects caused by exposure to chemicals in drinking water, prior to and after preammonization, were estimated basing on calculating hazard quotients and indexes. To describe examined parameters, median and 90-th percentile was used. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to reveal differences between water parameters prior to and after preammonization was implemented. Water preammonization implemented at central water treatment facilities allowed improving drinking water quality at the second lifting and in distribution networks. After preammonization were implemented, aluminum concentration want down by 2.7 times at the second lifting; nitrates concentration, by 1.2 times; chloroform concentration, by 3.5 times (р<0.001). Overall microbe number went down by 1.6 times (р<0.001). After preammonization was implemented, water turbidity in distribution networks went down by 1.3 times, aluminum and chloroform concentrations fell by 1.7 and 7.3 times accordingly (р<0,001). Contribution made by chloroform into hazard indexes decreased by 10-47% after preammonization was implemented against water treatment performed according to conventional procedures (chlorination). Water preammonization allowed achieving more qualitative and efficient operating of water supply systems and operational costs reduction; it also resulted in a decrease in concentrations of adverse side products occurring due to disinfection and in achieving higher drinking water quality

scholarly journals Water preammonization at central water treatment facilities in a large city as a way to minimize health risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
S.A. Sosnina ◽  
◽  
A.V. Mironovskaya ◽  
T.N. Unguryanu ◽  
R.V. Buzinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Large City ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities

At present chlorine compounds are widely used to disinfect water during water treatment procedures; it stimulates occurrence of toxic chlorinated organic compounds. Water preammonization with ammonia sulfate was implemented at central water treatment facilities in Arkhangelsk. Our research goal was to assess efficiency of water preammonization at central water treatment facilities in Arkhangelsk. Our research involved analyzing drinking water quality at central water treatment facilities prior to preammonization was implemented (from January 2016 to July 2017) and after it was implemented (from June 2018 to December 2019). We examined 14,674 water samples prior to water preammonization implementation and 15,165 water samples after it. Water quality was analyzed as per 19 parameters. Non-carcinogenic effects caused by exposure to chemicals in drinking water, prior to and after preammonization, were estimated basing on calculating hazard quotients and indexes. To describe examined parameters, median and 90-th percentile was used. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to reveal differences between water parameters prior to and after preammonization was implemented. Water preammonization implemented at central water treatment facilities allowed improving drinking water quality at the second lifting and in distribution networks. After preammonization were implemented, aluminum concentration want down by 2.7 times at the second lifting; nitrates concentration, by 1.2 times; chloroform concentration, by 3.5 times (р<0.001). Overall microbe number went down by 1.6 times (р<0.001). After preammonization was implemented, water turbidity in distribution networks went down by 1.3 times, aluminum and chloroform concentrations fell by 1.7 and 7.3 times accordingly (р<0,001). Contribution made by chloroform into hazard indexes decreased by 10-47% after preammonization was implemented against water treatment performed according to conventional procedures (chlorination). Water preammonization allowed achieving more qualitative and efficient operating of water supply systems and operational costs reduction; it also resulted in a decrease in concentrations of adverse side products occurring due to disinfection and in achieving higher drinking water quality

Improving water age estimation in a drinking water distribution network by field study and digital modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kristian Rakstang ◽  
Michael B. Waak ◽  
Marius M. Rokstad ◽  
Cynthia Hallé
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

&lt;p&gt;Municipal drinking water distribution networks are complex and dynamic systems often spanning many hundreds of kilometers and serving thousands of consumers. Degradation of water quality within a distribution network can be associated to water age (i.e., time elapsed after treatment). Norwegian distribution networks often consist of an intricate combination of pressure zones, in which the transport path(s) between source and consumer is not easily ascertained. Water age is therefore poorly understood in many Norwegian distribution networks. In this study, simulations obtained from a water network model were used to estimate water age in a Norwegian municipal distribution network. A full-scale tracer study using sodium chloride salt was conducted to assess simulation accuracy. Water conductivity provided empirical estimates of salt arrival time at five monitoring stations. These estimates were consistently higher than simulated peak arrival times. Nevertheless, empirical and simulated water age correlated well, indicating that additional network model calibration will improve accuracy. Subsequently, simulated mean water age also correlated strongly with heterotrophic plate count (HPC) monitoring data from the distribution network (Pearson&amp;#8217;s R= 0.78, P= 0.00046), indicating biomass accumulation during distribution&amp;#8212;perhaps due to bacterial growth or biofilm interactions&amp;#8212;and illustrating the importance of water age for water quality. This study demonstrates that Norwegian network models can be calibrated with simple and cost-effective salt tracer studies to improve water age estimates. Improved water age estimation will increase our understanding of water quality dynamics in distribution networks. This can, through digital tools, be used to monitor and control water age, and its impact on biogrowth in the network.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Natural organic matter removal by ion exchange at different positions in the drinking water treatment lane

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grefte ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
E. R. Cornelissen ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration

Abstract. To guarantee a good water quality at the customers tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research was to improve the biological stability of the produced water by incorporating anion exchange (IEX) for NOM removal. Different placement positions of IEX in the treatment lane (IEX positioned before coagulation, before ozonation or after slow sand filtration) and two IEX configurations (MIEX® and fluidized IEX (FIX)) were compared on water quality as well as costs. For this purpose the pre-treatment plant at Loenderveen and production plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet were used as a case study. Both, MIEX® and FIX were able to remove NOM (mainly the HS fraction) to a high extent. NOM removal can be done efficiently before ozonation and after slow sand filtration. The biological stability, in terms of assimilable organic carbon, biofilm formation rate and dissolved organic carbon, was improved by incorporating IEX for NOM removal. The operational costs were assumed to be directly dependent of the NOM removal rate and determined the difference between the IEX positions. The total costs for IEX for the three positions were approximately equal (0.0631 € m−3), however the savings on following treatment processes caused a cost reduction for the IEX positions before coagulation and before ozonation compared to IEX positioned after slow sand filtration. IEX positioned before ozonation was most cost effective and improved the biological stability of the treated water.

scholarly journals Integration of target analyses, non-target screening and effect-based monitoring to assess OMP related water quality changes in drinking water treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 135779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Brunner ◽  
Cheryl Bertelkamp ◽  
Milou M.L. Dingemans ◽  
Annemieke Kolkman ◽  
Bas Wols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Target Screening

Understanding the impacts of sodium silicate on water quality and iron oxide particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bofu Li ◽  
Benjamin F. Trueman ◽  
Mohammad Shahedur Rahman ◽  
Yaohuan Gao ◽  
Yuri Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Iron Oxide Particles ◽  
Oxide Particles

Silicates represent an alternative drinking water treatment for colour and turbidity due to iron. They may avoid the drawbacks of polyphosphates: increased lead solubility, the potential for increased bacterial growth, and phosphorus in wastewater.

scholarly journals Small-scale drinking water treatment unit of filtration and UV disinfection for remote area

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2106-2118
Author(s):  
Kassim Chabi ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Lizheng Guo ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Chengsong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Remote Areas

Abstract People in remote areas are still drinking surface water that may contain certain pollutants including harmful microorganisms and chemical compounds directly without any pretreatment. In this study, we have designed and operated a pilot-scale drinking water treatment unit as part of our aim to find an economic and easily operable technology for providing drinking water to people in those areas. Our small-scale treatment unit contains filtration and disinfection (UV–C irradiation) stages to remove pollutants from source water. The water quality index was determined based on various parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and bacteria. Water and media samples after DNA extraction were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq throughput sequencing for the determination of bacterial community composition. After the raw water treatment, the reduction of bacteria concentration ranged from 1 to 2 log10. The average removal of the turbidity, ammonium, nitrite, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon reached up to 95.33%, 85.71%, 100%, 28.57%, and 45%, respectively. In conclusion, multiple biological stages in our designed unit showed an improvement of the drinking water quality. The designed drinking treatment unit produces potable water meeting standards at a lower cost of operation and it can be used in remote areas.

Influence of Water Quality on the Embodied Energy of Drinking Water Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 3084-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark V. E. Santana ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
James R. Mihelcic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Influence Of Water
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