Optimization and economic analysis for a small scale nanofiltration and reverse osmosis water desalination system

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Chandra Garg ◽  
Himanshu Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Validation Experiment

This paper presents the results of a techno-economic investigation of a nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) process for treating brackish water. Optimization experiments of six commercially available small scale RO and NF membranes were carried out using formulated artificial groundwater. A predictive model was developed by using response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of input process parameters of brackish water membrane processes to simultaneously maximize water recovery and salt rejection while minimizing energy demand. A predictive model using multiple response optimization revealed that CSM RO and NF250 membranes showed the optimal efficiency with 20.24% and 18.98% water recovery, 90.22% and 70.64% salt rejection and 17.87 kWh/m3 and 9.35 kWh/m3 of specific energy consumption (SEC), respectively. Furthermore, confirmation of RSM predictions was carried out by an artificial neural network (ANN) model trained by RSM experimental data. Predicted values by both RSM and ANN modeling methodologies were compared and found within the acceptable range. Finally, a membrane validation experiment was carried out successfully at proposed optimal conditions, which proved the accuracy of the employed RSM and ANN models. Detailed analyses of the economic assessment showed that the recovery rate can play a major role in reducing the cost of a membrane system.

A Case Study of Decentralized Off-Grid Water Treatment Using Reverse Osmosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Baghaei Lakeh ◽  
Daniel Andrade ◽  
Kyle J. Miller ◽  
Bowen Du ◽  
Joshua Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
High Pressure Pump

Decentralized water treatment consists of a variety of water treatment techniques for dwellings, industrial facilities, homes, and businesses independent of the power grid. According to the United States Geological Survey, brackish groundwater is abundant in the southwestern states including California; hence it can potentially be considered a new source for California’s water portfolio. Most of membrane-based desalination technologies (e.g. reverse osmosis) have high energy demand and cost. Using renewable energy (mostly solar photovoltaics) in concert with membrane-based water desalination can be utilized to develop decentralized and off-grid brackish water desalination systems especially for remote and rural regions. In this paper, the results of a case study on decentralized off-grid brackish water system have been presented and discussed. The system utilizes a high pressure pump that can provide a feed flow rate of 2.2 gpm of at 140 psi. The system is run by solar photovoltaic panels through a battery bank. The results of the study show that the system is capable of treating brackish water at a salt rejection rate of more than 97.5% and a recovery rate up to 80%.

scholarly journals Modular treatment of arsenic-laden brackish groundwater using solar-powered subsurface arsenic removal (SAR) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-526
Author(s):  
U. Hellriegel ◽  
E. E. Cañas Kurz ◽  
T. V. Luong ◽  
J. Bundschuh ◽  
J. Hoinkis
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Modular Treatment ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract To evaluate energy efficient concepts for the modular treatment of brackish water, pilot trials for groundwater desalination and arsenic (As) removal were carried out in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Groundwater here is affected by naturally occurring high iron (Fe2+) and As concentrations, while, in coastal regions, groundwater is additionally contaminated by high salinity mostly due to seawater intrusion. Desalination was conducted by membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI), which shows low specific energy consumption (SEC). Anoxic groundwater with As(III) and Fe2+ was treated using a pre-oxidation step called subsurface arsenic removal (SAR) with the main advantage that no As-laden waste is produced. The pilot plant was operated using a photovoltaic system (3 kWp) and a small wind turbine (2 kWp). The SEC of drinking water produced was 3.97 kWh/m3. Total dissolved solids (TDS) of 1,560 mg/L were lowered to 188 mg/L, while Fe2+ was reduced from 1.8 mg/L to the below detection limit and As from 2.3 to 0.18 μg/L. The results show that SAR is a feasible remediation technique for Fe2+ and As removal in remote areas, and demonstrate the potential of MCDI for brackish water desalination coupled with renewable energies. However, improvements in energy demand of the MCDI module can still be achieved.

scholarly journals Enhanced modelling and experimental validation of ultra-Low pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) membrane system for treatment of synthetic brackish water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saffa Syamimi Norizam ◽  
Mohd Azlan Hussain ◽  
Mohd Usman Mohd Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Feed Pressure ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Water Scarce

Abstract Water purification from brackish water sources has been acknowledged as one of the most promising ways in producing drinkable water in water-scarce areas. In this study, an ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) membrane was numerically and experimentally investigated to produce drinking water by the removal of sodium chloride salt which provides further validation of the model from a practical perspective. An enhanced predictive model based on Donnan-Steric Pore Model with dielectric exclusion (DSPM-DE) incorporating the osmotic effects was formulated in process simulation. The feed pressure and concentration were optimized as input variables and interaction between them was observed, while salt rejection and water recovery rate were taken as response attributes. The results obtained on the ULPRO membrane showed that the performance depends on the charge, steric, and dielectric effects. Furthermore, the enhanced model was validated with the experimental data attained from a lab-scale filtration system with good accuracy in the salt rejection and water recovery results. Comparing the enhanced DSPM-DE with the existing solution diffusion model reveals that the enhanced model predicts the membrane performance better and thereby qualifies itself as a reliable model for desalination of brackish water using ULPRO membrane.

scholarly journals Batch Reverse Osmosis Desalination Modeling under a Time-Dependent Pressure Profile

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Abdeljalil Chougradi ◽  
François Zaviska ◽  
Ahmed Abed ◽  
Jérôme Harmand ◽  
Jamal-Eddine Jellal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Energetic Performance ◽  
Feed Volume

As world demand for clean water increases, reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has emerged as an attractive solution. Continuous RO is the most used desalination technology today. However, a new generation of configurations, working in unsteady-state feed concentration and pressure, have gained more attention recently, including the batch RO process. Our work presents a mathematical modeling for batch RO that offers the possibility of monitoring all variables of the process, including specific energy consumption, as a function of time and the recovery ratio. Validation is achieved by comparison with data from the experimental set-up and an existing model in the literature. Energetic comparison with continuous RO processes confirms that batch RO can be more energy efficient than can continuous RO, especially at a higher recovery ratio. It used, at recovery, 31% less energy for seawater and 19% less energy for brackish water. Modeling also proves that the batch RO process does not have to function under constant flux to deliver good energetic performance. In fact, under a linear pressure profile, batch RO can still deliver better energetic performance than can a continuous configuration. The parameters analysis shows that salinity, pump and energy recovery devices efficiencies are directly linked to the energy demand. While increasing feed volume has a limited effect after a certain volume due to dilution, it also shows, interestingly, a recovery ratio interval in which feed volume does not affect specific energy consumption.

Design of Thermally Responsive Polymeric Hydrogels for Brackish Water Desalination: Effect of Architecture on Swelling, Deswelling, and Salt Rejection

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 15696-15706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Ali ◽  
Beate Gebert ◽  
Tobias Hennecke ◽  
Karlheinz Graf ◽  
Mathias Ulbricht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Thermally Responsive ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels

Reverse osmosis pilot plants performance in brackish water desalination

Desalination ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 341-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boari ◽  
C. Carrieri ◽  
P. Mappelli ◽  
M. Santori
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Desalination
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