scholarly journals Evaluation of performance and environmental benefits of a full-scale pump as turbine system in Antalya water distribution network

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Muhammetoglu ◽  
Cezmi Nursen ◽  
I. Ethem Karadirek ◽  
Habib Muhammetoglu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pat System

Abstract In recent years, pumps used in turbine mode (pump as turbine, PAT) have started to appear as a viable option to reduce pressure in water distribution networks in addition to energy production at micro scale. In this study, evaluation of performance of a recently installed PAT system in Antalya City, Turkey, is presented for the first operational period of approximately 5 months. This full-scale PAT system was implemented in a parallel pipeline with a pressure reducing valve. The operation of the installed PAT system was continuously monitored online for flow rate, power and pressure. The installed PAT system, being in operation since 26 January 2016, works efficiently in a wide range of inflows (130–300 m3/h) and the produced energy varies between 0.7 and 8.4 kWh for a reduction of approximately one bar pressure head with an average efficiency of 60%. Based on the initial 5 months of operational data, environmental benefits of green energy production, reduction in physical water losses and carbon dioxide emissions were evaluated. Based on the implementation cost of the PAT system and the revenues from the environmental benefits, payback period of this specific full-scale PAT application was computed as 53 days or 1.8 months.

scholarly journals Complex network and fractal theory for the assessment of water distribution network resilience to pipe failures

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Michele Di Natale ◽  
Carlo Giudicianni ◽  
Roberto Greco ◽  
Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWater distribution networks (WDNs) must keep a proper level of service under a wide range of operational conditions, and, in particular, the analysis of their resilience to pipe failures is essential to improve their design and management. WDNs can be regarded as large sparse planar graphs showing fractal and complex network properties. In this paper, the relationship linking the geometrical and topological features of a WDN to its resilience to the failure of a pipe is investigated. Some innovative indices have been borrowed from fractal geometry and complex network theory to study WDNs. Considering all possible network configurations obtained by suppressing one link, the proposed indices are used to quantify the impact of pipe failure on the system's resilience. This approach aims to identify critical links, in terms of resilience, with the help of topological metrics only, and without recourse to hydraulic simulations, which require complex calibration processes and come with a computational burden. It is concluded that the proposed procedure, which has been successfully tested on two real WDNs located in southern Italy, can provide valuable information to water utilities about which pipes have a significant role in network performance, thus helping in their design, planning and management.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Return on Investment in Solar Collectors on the Example of a Household: The Case of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Niekurzak ◽  
Ewa Kubińska-Jabcoń
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
The Impact

Background: The growing consumption is what drives the development of unsustainable energy and material-intensive production technologies that emit large quantities of pollutants into the atmosphere, water, and land. Obtaining green energy allows reduction of the interference with the environment and, consequently, fits into a sustainable energy development strategy. In order to achieve the emission targets set by the EU for Poland, it is necessary to prioritize the development of renewable energy sources (RES) technologies within the energy sector.Methods: The purpose of the study was to present the results of the research relating to the return on investment of solar collectors for single-family houses in Poland. The research was presented on the basis of the legal conditions applicable to micro installations in the light of the amendment of the RES Act, and the impact of these amendments on the aspects of such investment was determined.Results: On the basis of the constructed economic model used to assess the return on investment of increasing the area of solar collectors, it has been shown that an operating installation will bring measurable economic benefits in the form of reduction in the amount of energy purchased annually in the amount of 6,756 kWh and environmental benefits in the form of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere 2.4–3.6 Mg per year. An installation subsidized under the “My Electricity” program can reach an NPV of EUR 6,000 over 20 years at a discount rate r = 0 and assuming that the electricity is EUR 0.15/kWh. If the price rises to 0.2 EUR/kWh, the NPV will be 10,000 EUR. For the analyzed installation, the investment consisting in increasing the collector area in accordance with NPV is economically effective for the absorber area in the range of 5.6–7.6 m2 and reaches the maximum value for the absorber area of 6.6 m2, while the absorber area above 7 m2 contributes to reduce the value of the economic return on investment. The obtained results have been generalized, which allows to use them in the process of selecting the size of collector area for similar installations.Conclusion: The return on investment analysis carried out in respect of a detached house allowed to demonstrate that this project is fully justified. Furthermore, pursuant to the Renewable Energy Sources Act in force in Poland, treating a small entrepreneur as a prosumer who may generally take advantage of favorable conditions for discounting the produced energy leads to very favorable possibilities of settling electricity. Considering an entrepreneur as a prosumer who may use one-off depreciation of a solar collectors installation as a fixed asset and request for VAT refund is what makes such an investment very attractive in financial terms and makes it difficult to find a safe investment alternative characterized by such a high rate of return.

scholarly journals A Six Sigma Approach to Water Savings

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Ryland Cairns ◽  
Michael Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Six Sigma Approach

The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of a six sigma approach to reducing water losses through a combination of water efficiency and leak detection on a private distribution system. The paper takes the form of a case study that investigates the implementation of water reduction strategy across an estate with 26 miles of potable water pipe and over 200 facilities. This incorporates methods developed in the water industry such as water loss reduction and water demand management. The paper demonstrates that large water savings could be made through adoption of a six sigma approach. The approach has the potential to be applied to a wide range of situations including sites with limited technology. This case study provides a useful source for Facilities Managers involved in the management of utilities to determine suitable water saving approaches and strategies for large estates with private water distribution networks.

The four Rs performance indicators of water distribution networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Gunawan ◽  
Frank Schultmann ◽  
Seyed Ashkan Zarghami
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the different interpretations of four key performance indicators of water distribution networks (WDNs): reliability, resilience, redundancy and robustness. It then addresses a range of metrics which have been developed to assess the performance of critical infrastructures, in particular WDNs. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides a comprehensive review and categorization of performance indicators of WDNs. The main focus is on papers addressing performance indicators of water distribution systems, additionally papers on application of complex system approach to critical infrastructures are also included. Findings Due to this complexity, a wide range of interpretation of WDNs performance indicators exists in the literature. This represents a significant impediment toward universally accepted interpretation of these indicators Accurate assessment of WDNs’ performance depends on clear definition of system performance indicators as well as accurate quantifying of these indicators. The application of 18 metrics as a basis for assessing the system performance have been reviewed in this paper and none are particularly significant as standalone values. Combination of these indicators are required to accurately indicate the performance of WDNs. Originality/value The authors believe that this paper can be a valuable source of information for academic researchers and practitioners and suggests a roadmap for future works.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document