scholarly journals Complex network and fractal theory for the assessment of water distribution network resilience to pipe failures

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Michele Di Natale ◽  
Carlo Giudicianni ◽  
Roberto Greco ◽  
Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWater distribution networks (WDNs) must keep a proper level of service under a wide range of operational conditions, and, in particular, the analysis of their resilience to pipe failures is essential to improve their design and management. WDNs can be regarded as large sparse planar graphs showing fractal and complex network properties. In this paper, the relationship linking the geometrical and topological features of a WDN to its resilience to the failure of a pipe is investigated. Some innovative indices have been borrowed from fractal geometry and complex network theory to study WDNs. Considering all possible network configurations obtained by suppressing one link, the proposed indices are used to quantify the impact of pipe failure on the system's resilience. This approach aims to identify critical links, in terms of resilience, with the help of topological metrics only, and without recourse to hydraulic simulations, which require complex calibration processes and come with a computational burden. It is concluded that the proposed procedure, which has been successfully tested on two real WDNs located in southern Italy, can provide valuable information to water utilities about which pipes have a significant role in network performance, thus helping in their design, planning and management.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Segment Graph of Water Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Huzsvár ◽  
Richárd Wéber ◽  
Csaba János Hős
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Graph Properties ◽  
Quantitative Topology ◽  
The Impact

One of the basic infrastructures of every settlement is the water distribution system, which provides clean and potable water for both private houses, industrial consumers and institution establishments. The operational robustness and vulnerabilities of these networks is an essential issue, both for the quality of life and for the preservation of the environment. Even with frequent and careful maintenance, unintentional pipe bursts might occur, and during the reparation time, the damaged section must be isolated hydraulically from the main body of the water distribution network. Due to the size and complexity of these networks, it might not be trivial how to isolate the burst section, especially if one wishes to minimize the impact on the overall system. This paper presents an algorithmic method that is capable of creating isolation plans for real-life networks in a computationally efficient way, based on the graph properties of the network. Besides this segmentation plan, the topological behavior of the structural graph properties was analyzed with the help of the complex network theory to create a method for the quantitative topology based categorization of the water distribution networks.

scholarly journals Online modelling of water distribution systems: a UK case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Machell ◽  
S. R. Mounce ◽  
J. B. Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Hydraulic simulation models of water distribution networks are routinely used for operational investigations and network design purposes. However, their full potential is often never realised because, in the majority of cases, they have been calibrated with data collected manually from the field during a single historic time period and, as such, reflect the network operational conditions that were prevalent at that time, and they are then applied as part of a reactive, desktop investigation. In order to use a hydraulic model to assist proactive distribution network management its element asset information must be up to date and it should be able to access current network information to drive simulations. Historically this advance has been restricted by the high cost of collecting and transferring the necessary field measurements. However, recent innovation and cost reductions associated with data transfer is resulting in collection of data from increasing numbers of sensors in water supply systems, and automatic transfer of the data to point of use. This means engineers potentially have access to a constant stream of current network data that enables a new era of "on-line" modelling that can be used to continually assess standards of service compliance for pressure and reduce the impact of network events, such as mains bursts, on customers. A case study is presented here that shows how an online modelling system can give timely warning of changes from normal network operation, providing capacity to minimise customer impact.

scholarly journals Pipeline failure prediction in water distribution networks using weather conditions as explanatory factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kakoudakis ◽  
Raziyeh Farmani ◽  
David Butler
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper examines the impact of weather conditions on pipe failure in water distribution networks using artificial neural network (ANN) and evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR). A number of weather-related factors over 4 consecutive days are the input of the binary ANN model while the output is the occurrence or not of at least a failure during the following 2 days. The model is able to correctly distinguish the majority (87%) of the days with failure(s). The EPR is employed to predict the annual number of failures. Initially, the network is divided into six clusters based on pipe diameter and age. The last year of the monitoring period is used for testing while the remaining years since the beginning are retained for model development. An EPR model is developed for each cluster based on the relevant training data. The results indicate a strong relationship between the annual number of failures and frequency and intensity of low temperatures. The outputs from the EPR models are used to calculate the failures of the homogenous groups within each cluster proportionally to their length.

scholarly journals Complex Network Theory for Water Distribution Networks Analysis

10.29007/w1bk ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Simone ◽  
Luca Ridolfi ◽  
Luigi Berardi ◽  
Daniele Laucelli ◽  
Orazio Giustolisi
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Networked Systems ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Connectivity Structure

Performance of networked systems greatly depends on their topologic or connectivity structure. Nowadays, the analysis of the relevant features influencing the emerging behavior of networked systems is possible because of the increasing computational power and availability of information. Complex Network Theory classifies the connectivity structures of real systems using the nodal degree, the average path length, the clustering coefficient and the probability of connection. However, networked city infrastructures, e.g. water distribution networks (WDNs), are constrained by the spatial characteristics of the environment where they are laid. Therefore, networked infrastructures are classified as spatial networks and the classification of their connectivity structure requires a modification of the classic framework. To this purpose, the paper proposes a classification of WDNs using the neighbourhood nodal degree instead of the classic degree, the network size instead of the probability of connection and the classic average path length. The research will show that the clustering coefficient is not useful to describe the behavior of these constrained systems.

scholarly journals Online modelling of water distribution systems: a UK case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Machell ◽  
S. R. Mounce ◽  
J. B. Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Hydraulic simulation models of water distribution networks are routinely used for operational investigations and network design purposes. However, their full potential is often never realised because, in the majority of cases, they have been calibrated with data collected manually from the field during a single historic time period and, as such, reflect the network operational conditions that were prevalent at that time, and they are then applied as part of a reactive, desktop investigation. In order to use a hydraulic model to assist proactive distribution network management its element asset information must be up to date and it should be able to access current network information to drive simulations. Historically this advance has been restricted by the high cost of collecting and transferring the necessary field measurements. However, recent innovation and cost reductions associated with data transfer is resulting in collection of data from increasing numbers of sensors in water supply systems, and automatic transfer of the data to point of use. This means engineers potentially have access to a constant stream of current network data that enables a new era of "online" modelling that can be used to continually assess standards of service compliance for pressure and reduce the impact of network events, such as mains bursts, on customers. A case study is presented here that shows how an online modelling system can give timely warning of changes from normal network operation, providing capacity to minimise customer impact.

Edge betweenness for water distribution networks domain analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Simone ◽  
Francesco G. Ciliberti ◽  
Daniele B. Laucelli ◽  
Luigi Berardi ◽  
Orazio Giustolisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Centrality Metrics ◽  
Edge Betweenness

Abstract Complex network theory (CNT) studies the relevance of elements in networks using centrality metrics. From the CNT standpoint, water distribution networks (WDNs) are infrastructure networks composed by vertices, named nodes, connected to each other by edges, named pipes, that transfer water to customers following a transfer process based on shortest paths. The present paper proposes the domain analysis of several real WDNs using the edge betweenness in order to capture the hydraulic behaviour based on network structure, i.e., for understanding the role of topological features in the emergent hydraulic behaviour. The strategy is obtained by tailoring CNT studies and tools in order to (i) embed the different hydraulic roles of sources and demand nodes, (ii) move the classic concept of centrality from the nodes to the pipes, i.e., the technically relevant components for WDNs and (iii) include information related to the directional devices, because they constrain flow directions. Results show the usefulness of the novel WDN-tailored edge betweenness for the WDN domain analysis. Therefore, the metric can represent a useful tool for supporting WDNs analysis, design and management tasks.

scholarly journals Integrating Topological and Hydraulic Attributes for Robustness Analysis of Water Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Seyed Zarghami ◽  
Indra Gunawan ◽  
Frank Schultmann
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Informational Entropy ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Impact

Researchers are recognizing that the robustness evaluation of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is of great importance for reducing the impact of disruptive events. Yet, very few methods to measure the robustness of WDNs have been developed. These methods mainly focus on either the topological features or the hydraulic attributes of WDNs and fail to provide a comprehensive picture of the robustness characteristics of WDNs. The work described herein proposes a new robustness index to measure the heterogeneity of WDNs drawing on informational entropy theory. The paper attempts to shift away from an exclusive topological viewpoint or a pure hydraulic approach, towards a combined topological and hydraulic analysis. The main emphasis is on the influence of an individual node on the overall network performance. The use of the proposed index is illustrated with a real-world WDN of an Australian town. The results highlight the significance of integrating the topological and hydraulic metrics for a reliable assessment of robustness in WDNs.

scholarly journals Structural Evaluation for Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation Based on Complex Network

Complexity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xue ◽  
Yingyu Xu ◽  
Huaiying Zhu ◽  
Shaofeng Lu ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Power Distribution Networks ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Continuous Power ◽  
The Impact

Structural analysis based on complex network theory has been considered promising for security issues of power grids. At the same time, modern power distribution networks with more Distributed Generations (DGs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) have taken on more challenges in operation and security issues. This paper proposed a dedicated metric named as Power-Supply-Ability for power distribution networks based on net-ability. Special features of DGs, such as relations of capacities, identification of effective supply area, and limitation in continuous power supply, have been considered in definition. Furthermore, a novel opinion is proposed that the extent of improvement for operation and security by adding DGs also depends on the original structure of the distribution networks. This is an inherent ability of the original networks and could be quantitatively analyzed. Through case studies, this method has been proved to be effective in identifying potential structural vulnerabilities of distribution networks; particularly the impact of DGs on security has been studied. Furthermore, it can help in site selection for DGs by providing different priorities of locations compared with results of other works. This can help to complement other methods to construct a more comprehensive methodology by considering aspects of security, economy, and quality.

An Advanced Software to Manage a Smart Water Network with Innovative Metrics and Tools Based on Social Network Theory

10.29007/gvnz ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Michele Di Natale ◽  
Anna Di Mauro ◽  
Eva Martínez Díaz ◽  
Jose Antonio Blázquez Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Social Network Theory ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Operational Conditions

The recent development and applications of social network theory in many fields of engineering (electricity, gas, transport, water, etc.) allows both the understanding of networks and to improve their management. Social network theory coupled to the availability of real time data and big data analysis techniques can change drastically the traditional approaches to manage civil networks. Recently, some authors are working to apply this novel approach, based on social network theory, on the water distribution networks using: a) graph partitioning algorithms to define optimal district meter areas both for water losses identification and for water network protection, b) innovative topological, energy and hydraulic indices to analyze performance; and c) GIS (Geographical Information System) to provide a more effective display of results and to improve network behavior in specific operational conditions. In this paper, a novel release 3.5 of SWANP software, that implements all these features, was tested on a real large water network in Alcalá de Henares, Spain.

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