Modern Trends in Sludge Management: Sludge Conditioning

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
G E Eden
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Sludge Conditioning

The origins and characteristics of sludges are described in relation to the need to dewater them for ultimate disposal. Various methods for conditioning sludge to facilitate subsequent dewatering are discussed, including physical, thermal and chemical methods. The special features of conditioning by polyelectrolytes are described and an account is given of laboratory techniques for comparing the relative efficiency of conditioners.

scholarly journals Sludge Conditioning by Sonication and Sonication-Chemical Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangming Zhang ◽  
Tian Wan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Sludge Conditioning

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

The Adaptation of Medical Records to Epidemiological Use

1965 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Cl Jeanty
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Special Care ◽  
General Description ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Original Record ◽  
Statistical Studies

A method is described in an attempt to make medical records suitable for epidemiologigri: purposes. Every case of a disease is recorded on an appropriate punched card with the object of working towards a general description of a disease through the collation of several cases of the same diagnosis. This punched card represents a very great condensation of the original record. Special care has been applied to state as precisely as possible the time variable, particularly as far as its origin and unit of measure are concerned, in order to demonstrate the existence of causal relations between diseases. Such cards are also intended to make easier statistical studies in clinical pathology, in evaluation of new laboratory techniques, and in therapeutical trials.

EVOLUTION OF CHEMICAL METHODS OF PLANT PROTECTION FROM PESTS IN RUSSIAN HUMID SUBTROPICS AND THE PROBLEM OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY

2014 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
N.N. Karpun ◽  
◽  
Ye.A. Ignatova ◽  
E.B. Yanushevskaya ◽  
N.N. Leonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Humid Subtropics
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