Use of Water in Adriatic Coastal Tourist Sites

Fresh water is in short supply in the Yugoslav coastal area and especially so on the islands. The use of fresh water for regional water supply systems is comparatively expensive and it is used for purposes which do not demand high quality water. An analysis of the water consumption in tourist areas suggests that the peak consumption could be lowered by 23 to 37,5 percent, thus saving about 32,2 percent of the total annual water mass. This equals about 70 percent of the total one-day flow of the Yugoslav rivers into the Adriatic. Recycled water can be used for agricultural purposes and for aquaculture, which makes it possible to use the nutrients from waste water and to lower the quantity of waste matter in the coastal sea.

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Complex Assessment of Underground Water Sources’ Quality in Khabarovsk City Territory

Safety in Technosphere ◽

10.12737/23759 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 30-37

Author(s):

Андреев ◽

A. Andreev ◽

Кондратьева ◽

L. Kondrateva

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Underground Water ◽

Water Sources ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Potential Risks ◽

Heavy Metals Ions ◽

First Time ◽

Supply Systems

In case of water bodies’ surface contamination the water supply systems based on underground sources could supply of fresh water to the urban population with maximum guaranteed safety. In emergency the entire resource of underground water sources is used, including shallow water intakes and individual wells. The results of the complex research for the quality of fresh water taken from wells located in Khabarovsk city districts with different anthropogenic charge levels are considered in this paper. For the first time the fresh water quality monitoring aimed to potential risks estimation was held using the indicators of radon’s volumetric activity. The assessment for a seasonal variation of the fresh water quality by the microbiological indicators and the heavy metals ions quantity has been presented.

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Improvement of quality of recirculated water supply of oil refineries

Kazakhstan journal for oil & gas industry ◽

10.54859/kjogi88903 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81

Author(s):

E. E. Ergozhin ◽

A. A. Tskhay ◽

T. K. Chalov ◽

T. V. Kovrigina ◽

Ye. A. Melnikov

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Technological Process ◽

Technological Scheme ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Recycled Water ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

Supply Systems ◽

Reverse Osmosis Unit

The relevance of this work is associated with the need to reduce the volume of water used by returning it to the start of the technological process. Thus, the work aims to improve the quality of the recycled water supply to petrochemical and oil refineries, in particular Atyrau Refinery LLP. This article provides data on purification of blowdown water by reverse osmosis method. A pilot reverse osmosis unit with a capacity of 600 l / h has been manufactured and a technological scheme for purification to standards that meet the requirements of make-up water has been developed, as well as a technical task for the design of industrial recycling water supply systems and appropriate recommendations have been provided.

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Recycling water in U.S. cities: understanding preferences for aquifer recharging and dual-reticulation systems

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2019.162 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1207-1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David J. Hess ◽

Brandi M. Collins

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Groundwater Recharge ◽

Power Plants ◽

Potable Water ◽

Water Source ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Aquifer Recharge ◽

Recycled Water ◽

Water Supplies ◽

Supply Systems

Abstract Recycling of effluent water from urban water-supply systems is often a more sustainable water source than increased use of surface sources, groundwater sources, and desalination. However, water-supply organizations (WSOs) often do not take full advantage of recycled water. Although recycling water for direct potable use is efficient, public concern with safety has tended to cause WSOs to favor other uses for recycled water. This study examines patterns in the degree of utilization of two main indirect uses of recycled water: dual-reticulation systems and groundwater recharge. Drawing on case studies of four U.S. cities that are leaders in the use of recycled water, the study identifies conditions that favor the choice of one option over the other. Where cities are concerned with groundwater recharge of potable water supplies, they tend to prefer non-recycled water if available for recharge projects. However, where non-recycled water supplies are limited, recycled water may be prioritized for aquifer recharge. Otherwise, the preference is for use by large industrial partners such as power plants or for exchanges for higher-quality potable water resources with rural systems. In contrast, dual-reticulation (purple-pipe) systems for direct nonpotable recycling face steep economic and technical challenges.

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Optimum use of gravity springs in water supply systems

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2008.076 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 313-318

Author(s):

K. Tothova ◽

I. Mrnco

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Long Distance ◽

Variable Yield ◽

Service Areas ◽

Potable Water Supply ◽

Quality Water ◽

Local Water ◽

Supply Systems

The potable water supply concept reflects relationships between distribution of available water resources that determine hydrogeological attributes of the region, and distribution of water service areas. The distribution of the water resources is often uneven, which is one of reasons of development of extensive long distance water supply systems. The long distance water supply systems connect deficit areas with surplus water resources areas. For example, the yield of large capacity wells in Danube region near Bratislava is several times higher than the real demand in this region. In this case, water from the wells is transferred by multiple pumping over a long distance (tens or hundreds of kilometres) to the areas with shortage of sources. The Little Carpathians foothills, where local water sources (springs) do not give a sufficient yield all year long. Most of these springs offer high-quality water, but fluctuating yields of the sources and do not guarantee continuous water supply. The sources are important for its quality and yield as well as for their elevation. The elevation potential allows gravity water supply without a need for pumping. However, the water supply systems do not even use average yields of the springs. The balance capacity of the springs is technically designed for minimum yields. Therefore, several reasonable questions arise: Is it efficient to pump and transport water over a long distance even in the time of maximum yields of the gravity springs? How can we determine efficiency rate of use of such yield in its extreme status? The answers can be found in the analysis of the necessary technical measures and investments, and calculation of operating costs of a system dependent on variable yield of gravity springs.

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