Algal-Bacterial Ponding Systems for Municipal Wastewater Treatment in Arid Regions

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 341-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Esen ◽  
K. Puskas ◽  
I. Banat ◽  
R. Al-Daher
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
A Site

A pilot plant was constructed to investigate the use of algal-bacterial systems to treat municipal wastewaters in arid regions. The pilot plant consists of sand and oil traps, weir tanks, two facultative ponds (250 m3 holding capacity each), two high-rate ponds (25 m3 holding capacity each), four sedimentation tanks, a sludge digestor, and such auxiliary facilities as a pumping station for wastewater supply, drainage systems, and a site laboratory. The main objectives of the study are to determine the design parameters needed for large-scale algal-bacterial ponds in hot climates and to determine the degree of treatment and disinfection attained in the system by operating the pilot plant. After the algae is separated from the treated water, the final effluent will be used for irrigation, and algae will be used as a soil conditioner. Investigations during start-up, test runs and experiments completed so far focused on the growth of algae and removal of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and suspended solids. During the 20-month experimental program, various operating patterns, including series operation of facultative and high-rate ponds, will be investigated. Results obtained so far indicate significant reductions in pollution concentrations.

Performance of an Integrated Ponding System Operated in Arid Zones

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1543-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Puskas ◽  
I. I. Esen ◽  
I. Banat ◽  
R. Al-Daher
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treated Effluent

This research project was aimed at developing a ponding system for municipal wastewater treatment adapted to arid regions. High-rate algal ponds preceded by facultative ponds create a combined biological system that can provide treated effluent suitable for landscape irrigation or, after being upgraded, for agricultural irrigation; the system can also provide algae for soil conditioning or animal feed. A pilot plant was designed and constructed to study the operation and performance of the system, an intensive experimental program was introduced with in-situ measurements of the daily pond conditions and laboratory analysis of the pond effluents to evaluate the system and determine the design parameters. The algal-bacterial ponding system performed satisfactorily providing treated effluent with less than 20 mg/l BOD, 130 mg/l COD, 40 mg/l total nitrogen and 25 mg/l NH3N. The average production of algal biomass was 250 kg/ha.d. Proper disinfection was achieved, indicated by average bacterial count of 5 N/ml total coliforms and 1000 N/ml total bacteria. The area's seasonal weather variations, dense wastewater and fluctuating organic and hydraulic load, did not adversely effect the system. The pilot operation proved the advantages and efficiency of the algal-bacterial pond system in arid regions.

Optimization of a mainstream nitritation-denitritation process and anammox polishing

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pusker Regmi ◽  
Becky Holgate ◽  
Dana Fredericks ◽  
Mark W. Miller ◽  
Bernhard Wett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Tin Removal

This paper deals with an almost 1-year long pilot study of a nitritation-denitritation process that was followed by anammox polishing. The pilot plant treated real municipal wastewater at ambient temperatures. The effluent of high-rate activated sludge process (hydraulic retention time, HRT = 30 min, solids retention time = 0.25 d) was fed to the pilot plant described in this paper, where a constant temperature of 23 °C was maintained. The nitritation-denitritation process was operated to promote nitrite oxidizing bacteria out-selection in an intermittently aerated reactor. The intermittent aeration pattern was controlled using a strategy based on effluent ammonia and nitrate + nitrite concentrations. The unique feature of this aeration control was that fixed dissolved oxygen set-point was used and the length of aerobic and anoxic durations were changed based on the effluent ammonia and nitrate + nitrite concentrations. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bacteria were adapted in mainstream conditions by allowing the growth on the moving bed bioreactor plastic media in a fully anoxic reactor. The total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal performance of the entire system was 75 ± 15% during the study at a modest influent chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NH4+-N ratio of 8.9 ± 1.8 within the HRT range of 3.1–9.4 h. Anammox polishing contributed 11% of overall TIN removal. Therefore, this pilot-scale study demonstrates that application of the proposed nitritation-denitritation system followed by anammox polishing is capable of relatively high nitrogen removal without supplemental carbon and alkalinity at a low HRT.

scholarly journals Effect of sewage sampling frequency on determination of design parameters for municipal wastewater treatment plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gehring ◽  
E. Deineko ◽  
I. Hobus ◽  
G. Kolisch ◽  
M. Lübken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract The uncertainty associated with the determination of load parameters, which is a key step in the design of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), was investigated on basis on data sets from 58 WWTPs. A further analysed aspect was the organic load variations associated with variable sewage temperatures. Data from 26 WWTPs with a high inflow sampling frequency was used to simulate scenarios to investigate the effect of lower sampling frequencies through a Monte Carlo approach. The calculation of 85-percentile values for chemical oxygen demand (COD) loadings based on only 26 samples per year is associated with a variability of up to ±18%. Approximately 90 samples per year will be necessary to reduce this uncertainty for estimation of COD loadings below 10%. Hence, a low sampling frequency can potentially lead to under- or overestimation of design parameters. Through an analogous approach, it was possible to identify uncertainties of ±11% in COD loading when weekly average data was used with 4 samples per week. Finally, a tendency of lower COD input loads with increasing temperatures was identified, with a reduction of about 1% of the average loading per degree Celsius.

scholarly journals Large scale application of French reed beds: municipal wastewater treatment for a 20,000 inhabitant's town in Moldova

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Masi ◽  
R. Bresciani ◽  
N. Martinuzzi ◽  
G. Cigarini ◽  
A. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Common Application

A two-stage vertical flow treatment wetlands system (French reed beds) was realized in 2012–2013 for the Orhei's town in Moldova. The treatment system occupies a total area of about 5 ha and operates in cold climate conditions during winter, with air temperatures below −20 °C. The first 2 years (2013–2015) of treatment performances for this system are presented here, with a particular highlight on the analysis of the commissioning phase and the operative choices taken along this period basing on the observed results. The specific classification of this application of constructed wetlands (CWs) for the primary and secondary treatment of municipal wastewater as a medium-large size system makes this technical report a relevant reference for demonstrating the possible extension to the highest numbers of inhabitants for the common application range of this family of technologies (CWs) for municipal wastewater. The observed performances for organic carbon (both as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)), suspended solids and ammonia removals in the whole first operational period consistently satisfied the national limits for discharge in rivers, respectively, with average values of 86%, 96% and 66%. The treated daily flow was measured in the range of 1,000–2,000 m3/d.

Integration of membrane filtration into the activated sludge process in municipal wastewater treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Engelhardt ◽  
W. Firk ◽  
W. Warnken
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
New Process

Energy-efficient membrane modules for microfiltration are available to realize a new process engineering in municipal wastewater treatment. The microfiltration membrane ensures that all microorganisms are retained in the aeration tank. A content of mixed-liquor suspended solids of e.g. 15 gMLSS/l can easily be achieved in a large scale plant. Thus the aeration tank is considerably reduced in size. A secondary clarifier is no longer needed. A filtration and a disinfection can be dismissed. A pilot plant gives first knowledge on the application of the activated sludge process with submersed membrane filtration. Based on the tests' results and the knowledge gained during the operation of the pilot plant, a WWTP with membrane filtration for 3000 inhabitants is designed. The costs of investment and operation are estimated.

Combined removal of nutrients and suspended solids in a dual-media post-denitrification filter as additional process step of wastewater treatment plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
A. Sperlich ◽  
P. Geyer ◽  
R. Gnirss ◽  
M. Barjenbruch
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Step

Operation of a pilot-scale dual-media biological filter as post-denitrification step in a municipal wastewater treatment plant was investigated for 28 months. In order to identify key design parameters, filtration rate, external carbon dosing concentration and strategy as well as backwash frequency were varied. The results show that dual-media biological filtration is able to achieve effluent concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) ≤2 mg/L and NO3-N ≤ 5 mg/L. TSS removal also leads to a reduction of particulate bound phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand without dosing any precipitant. Soluble reactive phosphorus is required for growth of the denitrifying bacteria and reduced from 0.4 to 0.3 mg/L in the filter effluent, corresponding to approximately 0.02 g P/g NOx-N removed. Depending on NOx-N loading and carbon dosage, average denitrification rates of 0.5–1.0 kg NOx-N/m3*d were achieved in different operational phases. Seasonally varying nitrite formation and breakthrough in the filter effluent were observed and could not be controlled by adjusting carbon dosage and backwash frequency. Effective operational strategies to prevent nitrite breakthrough at NOx-N loads in the range of 1–2 kg NOx-N/m3*d and high influent O2 levels are therefore needed.

A study about the use of chemicals in conventional tertiary treatment. Performances comparison of three municipal wastewater treatment plants and pilot plant experiences

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iborra-Clar ◽  
J.A. Mendoza-Roca ◽  
A. Bes-Pií ◽  
J.J. Morenilla-Martínez ◽  
I. Bernácer-Bonora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Valencian Region ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Rainfall diminution in the last years has entailed water scarcity in plenty of European regions, especially in Mediterranean areas. As a consequence, regional water authorities have enhanced wastewater reclamation and reuse. Thus, the implementation of tertiary treatments has become of paramount importance in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Valencian Region (Spain). Conventional tertiary treatments consist of a physico-chemical treatment of the secondary effluent followed by sand filtration and UV radiation. However, the addition of coagulants and flocculants sometimes does not contribute significantly in the final water quality. In this work, results of 20-months operation of three WWTP in Valencian Region with different tertiary treatments (two without chemicals addition and another with chemicals addition) are discussed. Besides, experiments with a 2 m3/h pilot plant located in the WWTP Quart-Benager in Valencia were performed in order to evaluate with the same secondary effluent the effect of the chemicals addition on the final water quality. Results showed that the addition of chemicals did not improve the final water quality significantly. These results were observed both comparing the three full scale plants and in the pilot plant operation.

Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage by Solar Ozonic Ecological Sewage Treatment Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3393-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Yan Ming Yang ◽  
Yun Long Li ◽  
Jian Qiu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Average Percentage

The process technique and design parameters of project of Solar Ozonic Ecological Sewage Treatment Plant (short for SOESTP) which consists of anaerobic reactor, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands(CWs) and the combination of solar power and ozone disinfection are described, the paper further examines the removal efficiency for treating rural domestic sewage, running expense and recycling ability of product water. The results show that the average percentage removal values of CODcr，BOD5，SS，TN，NH3-N，TP range from 95.6% to 98.0%, 96.0% to 98.7%, 93.1% to 96.1%, 97.0% to 98.9%, 96.9% to 99.5%, 98.2% to 99.6%, respectively, the reduction of fecal coliform (FC) reaches 99.9%, the effluent quality meets the first level A criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant（GB18918-2002）. The running cost of SOESTP is 0.063yuan/ m3, saves much more than traditional sewage treatment, and the ozone water obtained from the reservoir will be an ideal choice for disinfection .The system has characteristics of easy manipulation, low operating cost, achieving advanced water, energy conservation and environment protection, is thought to be very suitable for use as the promotion of rural small - scale sewage treatment.

PARAMETERS FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF W ASTEW ATER TREATMENT PLANTS WITH HIGH-RATE AND LOW-RATE ACTIVATED SLUDGE TANKS

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brands ◽  
M. Liebeskind ◽  
M. Dohmann
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Rate

This study shows a comparison of important parameters for dynamic simulation concerning the highrate and low-rate activated sludge tanks of several municipal wastewater treatment plants. The parameters for the dynamic simulation of the single-stage process are quite well known, but parameters for the high-ratellow-rate activated sludge process are still missi ng, although a considerable number of wastewater treatment plants are designed and operated that way. At present any attempt to simulate their operation is restricted to the second stage due to missing data concerning growth rate, decay rate, yield coefficient and others.

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