Advancements in Toxicity Testing Applied to Design and Control of Biological Processes

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Herricks ◽  
B. E. Rittmann ◽  
C. P. L. Grady ◽  
D. Pascoe ◽  
L. Somlyódy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Line Detection ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Ecosystem Disturbance ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Control

Toxicity testing is an essential tool for assessing the effects of, and fate of, many low-concentration toxicants in wastewater treatment systems. Toxicity testing can be divided into two parts: diagnostic toxicology evaluates the toxicity of a contaminant, effluent, or process, and toxicological engineering bases engineering design on the removal or production of toxicity. This paper presents six recent advancements in diagnostic toxicology and toxicological engineering identified by members of the Specialty Group on Hazard Assessment and Control of Environmental Contaminants. They are: (1) an ecological framework for applying toxicity testing, (2) biological early warning systems for on-line detection of toxic inputs, (3) inplant testing to detect and mitigate a toxic upset, (4) methods for rapid and cost-effective detection of genotoxins, (5) an approach for determining what discharged component must be controlled to eliminate an ecosystem disturbance, and (6) an application of process kinetics to design biological processes that are resistant to toxic upsets.

Health Aspects of Disaster Preparedness and Response Panel Session 2: Seismic Risks including Tsunamis

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (S3) ◽  
pp. s82-s86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Panel Session ◽  
The Many ◽  
Disaster Preparedness And Response ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis Panel Session consisted of five country reports (India, Indonesia, Maldives, Thailand, andNepal) and the common issues identified during the Panel discussions relative to seismic events in the Southeast Asia Region. Important issues identified included the needs for: (1) a legal framework upon which to base preparedness and response; (2) coordination between the many organizations involved; (3) early warning systems within and between countries; (4) command and control; (5) access to resources including logistics; (6) strengthening the health infrastructure; (7) professionalizing the field of disaster medicine and management; (8) management of communications and information; (9) management of dead bodies; and (10) mental health of the survivors and health workers.

scholarly journals User interface prototype for geospatial early warning systems – a tsunami showcase

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hammitzsch ◽  
M. Lendholt ◽  
M. Á. Esbrí
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

Abstract. The command and control unit's graphical user interface (GUI) is a central part of early warning systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards. The GUI combines and concentrates the relevant information of the system and offers it to human operators. It has to support operators successfully performing their tasks in complex workflows. Most notably in critical situations when operators make important decisions in a limited amount of time, the command and control unit's GUI has to work reliably and stably, providing the relevant information and functionality with the required quality and in time. The design of the GUI application is essential in the development of any EWS to manage hazards effectively. The design and development of such GUI is performed repeatedly for each EWS by various software architects and developers. Implementations differ based on their application in different domains. But similarities designing and equal approaches implementing GUIs of EWS are not quite harmonized enough with related activities and do not exploit possible synergy effects. Thus, the GUI's implementation of an EWS for tsunamis is successively introduced, providing a generic approach to be applied in each EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

Framework for Graphical User Interfaces of Geospatial Early Warning Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hammitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

An important component of Early Warning Systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards is the command and control unit’s Graphical User Interface (GUI). All relevant information of an EWS is concentrated in this GUI and offered to human operators. However, when designing the GUI, not only the user experience and the GUI’s screens are relevant, but also the frameworks and technologies that the GUI is built on and the implementation of the GUI itself are of great importance. Implementations differ based on their applications in different domains but the design and approaches to implement the GUIs of different EWS often show analogies. The design and development of such GUIs are performed repeatedly on some parts of the system for each EWS. Thus, the generic GUI framework of a geospatial EWS for tsunamis is introduced to enable possible synergistic effects on the development of other new related technology. The results presented here could be adopted and reused in other EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

Framework for Graphical User Interfaces of Geospatial Early Warning Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Martin Hammitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Graphical User Interfaces ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

An important component of Early Warning Systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards is the command and control unit’s Graphical User Interface (GUI). All relevant information of an EWS is concentrated in this GUI and offered to human operators. However, when designing the GUI, not only the user experience and the GUI’s screens are relevant, but also the frameworks and technologies that the GUI is built on and the implementation of the GUI itself are of great importance. Implementations differ based on their applications in different domains but the design and approaches to implement the GUIs of different EWS often show analogies. The design and development of such GUIs are performed repeatedly on some parts of the system for each EWS. Thus, the generic GUI framework of a geospatial EWS for tsunamis is introduced to enable possible synergistic effects on the development of other new related technology. The results presented here could be adopted and reused in other EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

scholarly journals Implementing Early Warning Systems in WWTP. An investigation with cost-effective LED-VIS spectroscopy-based genetic algorithms

Chemosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 133610
Author(s):  
Daniel Carreres-Prieto ◽  
Juan T. García ◽  
Fernando Cerdán-Cartagena ◽  
Juan Suardiaz-Muro ◽  
Carlos Lardín
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

On-line monitoring of biofilm formation in a brewery water pipeline system with a fibre optical device

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tamachkiarow ◽  
H.-C. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Optical Device ◽  
On Line ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
Non Destructive

Any advanced anti-fouling strategy must be based on early warning systems which allow for timely, precisely directed and optimized countermeasures. Such systems must be able to detect biofilm growth on representative surfaces. In order to meet this requirement, a fibre optical device (FOS) has been developed. It is based on light which is scattered by objects deposited on the tip of an optical fibre. A receiving fibre collects the signal and forwards it to a detection and quantification unit. Both the sending and the receiving fibre are mounted in a measuring head which is integrated evenly on the inner surface of a water pipeline at representative sites. This device was applied to a water system of a brewery in order to put its reliability to test under practical conditions. The FOS detected the build-up of a deposit which was identified independently as consisting of microorganisms, i.e., a biofilm. A stable, well detectable and reproducible signal could be obtained above a colonization of 105 cells cm−2. Adjustment of the sensitivity of the amplifier allowed for detection of biofilms up to 1010 cells cm−2. Cleaning countermeasures could be detected clearly by a decrease of backscattered light intensity. The system proved to be suitable for on-line, non-destructive, real-time and automatic monitoring for a period of almost two years, and thus, provides an important constituent for an advanced anti-fouling strategy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document