Sludge accumulation, properties and degradation in a waste stabilization pond in Mexico

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Nelson ◽  
B. C. Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Sludge Accumulation

The sludge layer in a primary, facultative wastewater stabilization pond in Texcoco, Mexico was studied. Five sludge cores were taken in the pond, near the entrance, middle, exit, and at the midpoint about 5 m from each side. Each core was stratified into four subsamples and analyzed. Temperature, pH, ORP, and %VS decreased with depth (age) in the sludge layer, whereas ammonia and TS concentrations increased. The concentrations of fecal coliforms and viable helminth eggs also decreased with depth in the sludge layer, but significant concentrations of both organisms were still present in the oldest sludge, which is estimated to be over seven years old (average). From a sludge depth survey it was found that the majority of the sludge accumulated near the inlet of the pond. The average net sludge accumulation rate was estimated to be 24 mm/yr.

scholarly journals Sunlight Inactivation of Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Bacteriophages from Waste Stabilization Pond Effluent in Fresh and Saline Waters

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester W. Sinton ◽  
Carollyn H. Hall ◽  
Philippa A. Lynch ◽  
Robert J. Davies-Colley
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Photooxidative Damage ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Sunlight inactivation in fresh (river) water of fecal coliforms, enterococci, Escherichia coli, somatic coliphages, and F-RNA phages from waste stabilization pond (WSP) effluent was compared. Ten experiments were conducted outdoors in 300-liter chambers, held at 14°C (mean river water temperature). Sunlight inactivation (k S) rates, as a function of cumulative global solar radiation (insolation), were all more than 10 times higher than the corresponding dark inactivation (k D) rates in enclosed (control) chambers. The overall k S ranking (from greatest to least inactivation) was as follows: enterococci > fecal coliforms ≥ E. coli > somatic coliphages > F-RNA phages. In winter, fecal coliform and enterococci inactivation rates were similar but, in summer, enterococci were inactivated far more rapidly. In four experiments that included freshwater-raw sewage mixtures, enterococci survived longer than fecal coliforms (a pattern opposite to that observed with the WSP effluent), but there was little difference in phage inactivation between effluents. In two experiments which included simulated estuarine water and seawater, sunlight inactivation of all of the indicators increased with increasing salinity. Inactivation rates in freshwater, as seen under different optical filters, decreased with the increase in the spectral cutoff (50% light transmission) wavelength. The enterococci and F-RNA phages were inactivated by a wide range of wavelengths, suggesting photooxidative damage. Inactivation of fecal coliforms and somatic coliphages was mainly by shorter (UV-B) wavelengths, a result consistent with photobiological damage. Fecal coliform repair mechanisms appear to be activated in WSPs, and the surviving cells exhibit greater sunlight resistance in natural waters than those from raw sewage. In contrast, enterococci appear to suffer photooxidative damage in WSPs, rendering them susceptible to further photooxidative damage after discharge. This suggests that they are unsuitable as indicators of WSP effluent discharges to natural waters. Although somatic coliphages are more sunlight resistant than the other indicators in seawater, F-RNA phages are the most resistant in freshwater, where they may thus better represent enteric virus survival.

Case study on evaluation of the performance of waste stabilization pond system of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhawana Goyal ◽  
Devendra Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

The objective of this study is to find out physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of influent and effluent generated by the sewage treatment plant of Jodhpur city. The treatment plant was constructed in the year 2003–2004 and based on waste stabilization pond (WSP) system. The treatment capacity of the plant is 45 ML/d. Relationship between different physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were studied. After the treatment of wastewater in WSP, average removal of BOD, COD, TSS and TKN were 84.1, 53.4, 79.7 and 61.7% respectively. Average removal of Total Coliforms (TC), Fecal Coliforms (FC), E. coli and Fecal Streptococci (FS) were 2.79 logs, 2.47 logs, 1.65 logs and 1.58 logs respectively. Maximum efficiency of fecal bacteria removal was found during the summers (2.7 to 4.0 log units) and minimum in winters (1 to 1.8 log unit). Further correlation of temperature, pH and biological oxygen demand with TC, FC, E. coli and FS were studied. Among all these parameters temperature shows highest correlation with microbiological parameters as follows: TC (−0.85), FC (−0.62), E. coli (−0.65) and FS (−0.75). High ambient temperature, long photoperiod and high intensity of light can be considered as the major factor for the removal of fecal indicators during the sewage treatment. After treatment pH, BOD, COD, TSS and TKN were found within the permissible limit of Central Pollution Control Board, India. The observed values of fecal indicator organisms are higher than the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO). There are no maturation ponds in the treatment plant; construction of maturation ponds will provide better removal of fecal coliforms.

Sewage Treatment by Waste Stabilization Pond Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
J. Kenneth, R. S. Suglo
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Sewage generated in Ghana is commonly discharged into the environment without any form of treatment to reduce the degree ofcontamination and mitigate potential public health and environmental issues. Although some attempts have been made in someparts of Ghana to utilize the waste stabilization pond (WSP) system to treat domestic sewage, the ponds often fail to achievetheir purpose due to lack of basic maintenance and supervision. To assess the utility of the WSP system for treating sewage,wastewater samples were collected from the raw sewage, anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds of WSPs at Obuasi inGhana, and analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological contaminants. The results show that the final pond effluent meetsrecommended microbiological and chemical quality guidelines. The waste stabilization pond system demonstrates high removalefficiencies of wastewater contaminants. The biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, nitrate and faecal coliformsreduction efficiencies of 97.3%, 97.6%, 83.3% and 99.94% respectively are highly significant, and compare well with reportedremoval efficiencies in the literature. Additionally, the ponds have high reduction efficiencies for heavy metals and pathogenicmicroorganisms. The wastewater treatment system complies with standard wastewater management practices, and provides auseful method for treating and disposing wastewater in Ghana.

Rotavirus removal in experimental waste stabilization pond systems with different geometries and configurations

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
H. Arridge ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
H. W. Pearson ◽  
S. A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization

Rotavirus removal in waste stabilization ponds is a relatively slow process: in a series of ten ponds (a 1-d anaerobic pond followed by nine 2-d ponds) its numbers were reduced from 1.4 × 105 per litre to zero, and in an “innovative” series (a 1-day anaerobic pond, 3-d facultative pond, 3.8-d, 3-d and 5-d maturation ponds) from 5.1 × 104 per litre to <5 per litre. Faecal coliforms were better indicators of rotaviruses than was Clostridium perfringens .

Evaluation of a tropical single-cell waste stabilization pond system for irrigation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. O. Ceballos ◽  
A. Konig ◽  
B. Lomans ◽  
A. B. Athayde ◽  
H. W. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
North East ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Better Than

A single full-scale primary facultative pond in Sapé, north-east Brazil was monitored for performance and efficiency. The pond had a hydraulic retention time of 61 days and achieved a 95% BOD5 removal efficiency and had no helminth eggs in the effluent. The effluent failed to meet the WHO faecal coliform guideline for unrestricted irrigation. The pond was dominated by the cyanobacterium Microcystis and gave better than predicted orthophosphate removal. Details of how the system could be simply upgraded utilizing the same land are discussed.

Bacterial analysis of Chromobacterium sp. and Flavobacterium sp. in a waste stabilization pond system

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fermin Rivera ◽  
Patricia Bonilla ◽  
Sandra Soriano ◽  
JoseLuis Reyes ◽  
Fernando Lares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Waste Stabilization

scholarly journals Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of a Model Waste Stabilization Pond

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1710-1714
Author(s):  
C.C. Egwuonwu ◽  
V.C. Okafor ◽  
N.C. Ezeanya ◽  
C. Nzediegwu ◽  
A. Suleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Design Construction
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