Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption in tertiary wastewater treatment: experiments and models

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Chaudhary ◽  
S. Vigneswaran ◽  
V. Jegatheesan ◽  
H.H. Ngo ◽  
H. Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gac Adsorption

Wastewater treatment has always been a major concern in the developed countries. Over the last few decades, activated carbon adsorption has gained importance as an alternative tertiary wastewater treatment and purification process. In this study, granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption was evaluated in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) removal from low strength synthetic wastewater. This paper provides details on adsorption experiments conducted on synthetic wastewater to develop suitable adsorption isotherms. Although the inorganics used in the synthetic wastewater solution had an overall unfavourable effect on adsorption of organics, the GAC adsorption system was found to be effective in removing TOC from the wastewater. This study showed that equation of state (EOS) theory was able to fit the adsorption isotherm results more precisely than the most commonly used Freundlich isotherm. Biodegradation of the organics with time was the most crucial and important aspect of the system and it was taken into account in determining the isotherm parameters. Initial organic concentration of the wastewater was the determining factor of the model parameters, and hence the isotherm parameters were determined covering a wide range of initial organic concentrations of the wastewater. As such, the isotherm parameters derived using the EOS theory could predict the batch adsorption and fixed bed adsorption results of the multi-component system successfully. The isotherm parameters showed a significant effect on the determination of the mass transfer coefficients in batch and fixed bed systems.

scholarly journals Synthetic Wastewater Treatment using Agro-Based Adsorbents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saisantosh Vamshi Harsha MADIRAJU ◽  
Yung-Tse HUNG ◽  
Howard Hao-Che PAUL
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Peanut Hull ◽  
Naphthol Green B

This study was undertaken to determine the treatment a binary mixture of dye wastewater (containing Naphthol Green B) and the sugar industry wastewater for removal of color. The specific treatment in the current research consists of adsorption using low-cost adsorbents and microfiltration using Whatman-41 microfilters. Considerations of this treatment process are to take the samples using batch adsorption and avoid coagulation with further dilution. Numerous runs are made, with the ideal waste samples prepared in the laboratory. As a 1st step in the study, different dye concentrations are considered using different concentrations of sugar wastewater. Samples are treated with 3 different Agro-based low-cost adsorbents (orange peel, peanut hull, and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)). Transmittance values for Naphthol Green B after treatment with orange peel and peanut hull are 83.12 % and 76.98 % respectively. Peanut hull has the highest transmittance of 76.98 % with < 425 µm size. Orange peel contributes to the highest transmittance of 83.12 % with a 2 g dosage. The values of transmittance after treatment with PAC are taken as the datum for the comparison of adsorption performance after treatment using orange peel and peanut hull. Peanut hull has the highest Non-Purgeable Organic Carbon (NPOC) measurement of 37.86 mg/L when mixed with 600 ppm of sugar wastewater. Similarly, when mixed with 600 ppm of sugar wastewater, orange peel contributes to the NPOC value of 35.06 mg/L. These treated samples using low-cost adsorbents can be considered as pre-treated wastewater that can be sent to municipal wastewater treatment plants. HIGHLIGHTS Orange Peel and Peanut Hull are the Agro-based low-cost adsorbents for color removal Wastewater treated with Peanut Hull has high Non-Purgeable Organic Carbon measurement Peanut hull has the highest transmittance of 76.98 % with < 425µm size Orange peel contributes to the highest transmittance of 83.12 % with a 2 g dosage Powdered Activated Carbon is considered as a reference adsorbent in this study GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals Solid diffusion control of the adsorption of basic dyes onto granular activated carbon and natural zeolite in fixed bed columns

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Markovska ◽  
V. Meshko ◽  
V. Noveski ◽  
M. Marinkovski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Diffusion Control ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Axial Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Solid Diffusion ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Basic Dyes

The adsorption of basic dyes from aqueous solutions onto granular activated carbon and natural zeolite was studied using a fixed bed column. The design procedures for fixed bed adsorption columns were investigated for two basic dyes Maxilon Goldgelb GL EC 400 % (MG-400) and Maxilon Schwarz FBL-01 300 % (MS-300). Acomputer program based on the solid diffusion control model has been developed. The model parameters: solid diffusion coefficient, DS, axial dispersion coefficient, DL and external mass transfer coefficient, kf for all the investigated systems were estimated by means of a best fit approach.

scholarly journals Augmenting granular activated carbon with natural clay for multicomponent sorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2213-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuhu Dalhat Mu'azu ◽  
Mohammed Hussain Essa ◽  
Salihu Lukman
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Multicomponent Adsorption ◽  
Initial Ph

Multicomponent adsorption of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn onto date palm pits based granular activated carbon (GAC) augmented with highly active natural clay at different proportion was investigated. The effects of the initial pH and the adsorbents mixed ratio on the removal selectivity sequence of the metals evaluated. Batch adsorption experiments were undertaken at initial pH 2, 6 and 12. At initial pH 2, both the percent removal and the metals adsorptive capacity decreased with increasing GAC to clay ratio (from 0 to 1) with the percentage removal of Cd, Zn and Cr ions dropping from 68, 81, 100% to 43, 57 and 70%, respectively. At both pH 6 and 12, the percentage removals and adsorption capacities of all the heavy metal ions are higher than at pH 2. Selectivity sequences for pH 2, 6 and 12 followed the order Pb &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Zn &gt; Cd; Pb &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Cd &gt; Zn and Cd &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Pb &gt; Zn, respectively. The adsorption trends were analyzed in relation to point of zero charge and ξ-potential and the metals ions speciation at different pH. These results will help better understand the feasibility of augmenting GAC with natural clay minerals during fixed bed column test which is more beneficial for practical industrial applications.

scholarly journals Comparative studies on the removal of copper (II) by Ulva fasciata activated carbon and commercially activated carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Suresh Jeyakumar ◽  
V. Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
First Order ◽  
Ulva Fasciata ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Abstract In this work, the efficiency of Ulva fasciata sp. activated carbons (CCUC, SCUC and SSUC) and commercially activated carbon (CAC) were studied for the removal of Cu (II) ions from synthetic wastewater. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, contact time, initial copper concentration and adsorbent dose. The percentage adsorption of copper by CCUC, SSUC, SCUC and CAC are 88.47%, 97.53%, 95.78% and 77.42% respectively. Adsorption data were fitted with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. Two kinetic models pseudo first order and the pseudo second order were selected to interpret the adsorption data.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Nitrate onto ZnCl2-Modified Coconut Granular Activated Carbon: Kinetics, Characteristics, and Adsorption Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjie Liu ◽  
Min Ji ◽  
Fen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Electrostatic Attraction ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Dynamic Adsorption ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Coconut granular activated carbon (CGAC) was modified by impregnating with ZnCl2solution to remove nitrate from aqueous solutions. Sorption isotherm and kinetic studies were carried out in a series of batch experiments. Nitrate adsorption of both ZnCl2-modified CGAC and CGAC fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Batch adsorption isotherms indicated that the maximum adsorption capacities of ZnCl2-modified CGAC and CGAC were calculated as 14.01 mgN·g−1and 0.28 mgN·g−1, respectively. The kinetic data obtained from batch experiments were well described by pseudo-second-order model. The column study was used to analyze the dynamic adsorption process. The highest bed adsorption capacity of 1.76 mgN·g−1was obtained by 50 mgN·L−1inlet nitrate concentration, 20 g adsorbents, and 10 ml·min−1flow rate. The dynamic adsorption data were fitted well to the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models with coefficients of correlationR2 > 0.834 at different conditions. Surface characteristics and pore structures of CGAC and ZnCl2-modified CGAC were performed by SEM and EDAX and BET and indicated that ZnCl2had adhered to the surface of GAC after modified. Zeta potential, Raman spectra, and FTIR suggested the electrostatic attraction between the nitrate ions and positive charge. The results revealed that the mechanism of adsorption nitrate mainly depended on electrostatic attraction almost without any chemical interactions.

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