Electro-Fenton as a feasible advanced treatment process to produce reclaimed water

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Durán Moreno ◽  
B.A. Frontana-Uribe ◽  
R.M. Ramírez Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Fenton's Reagent ◽  
Fenton’S Reaction ◽  
The Cost

The feasibility of the electro-Fenton process to generate simultaneously both of the Fenton's reagent species (Fe2+/H2O2), was assessed as a potentially more economical alternative to the classical Fenton's reaction to produce reclaimed water. An air-saturated combined wastewater (mixture of municipal and laboratory effluents) was treated in discontinuous and continuous reactors at pH = 3.5. The discontinuous reactor was a 2 L electrochemical laboratory cell fitted with concentric graphite and iron electrodes. The continuous reactor tests used a pilot treatment system comprising the aforementioned electrochemical cell, two clarifiers and one sand filter. Several tests were carried out at different conditions of reaction time (0-60 min) and electrical current values (0.2-1.0 A) in the discontinuous reactor. The best operating conditions were 60 min and 1 A without filtration of effluents. At these conditions, in discontinuous and continuous reactors with filtration, the COD, turbidity and color removal were 65-74.8%, 77-92.3% and 80-100%, respectively. Fecal and total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella sp. were not detected at the end of the pilot treatment system. Electrogeneration of the Fenton's reagent is also economical; its cost is one-fifth the cost reported for Advanced Primary Treatment.

Rapid Disposal of Pentachlorophenol Contaminated Soils in a Soil Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2695-2703
Author(s):  
Yu Tao ◽  
Ai Jun Wang ◽  
Li Juan Wang ◽  
Guang Min Liu ◽  
Hong Qi
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Fenton's Reagent ◽  
Rotating Speed

At present the point source soil contaminations by toxic chemicals are very serious, and many methods are used for the rapid disposal. In recent years, Fenton’s reagent has been paid more and more attention because of its high oxidative potential and simplicity. In this work, pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used to simulate contaminated soils, and a tilted soil reactor was designed to study its decomposition by Fenton’s reagent. The effects of six variables on PCP degradation were evaluated: (1) initial soil-water ratio; (2) reaction time; (3) H2O2-Fe2+ molar ratio; (4) dosing method; (5) reaction tank rotating speed and (6) initial H2O2 concentration, and the optimum operating conditions were identified. However, further research is required for practical application.

Degradation of propylene glycol wastewater by Fenton's reagent in a semi-continuous reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Yi Wang ◽  
Yu-Na Hu ◽  
Gui-Ping Cao ◽  
Wei-Kang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Fenton's Reagent

A Hybrid Treatment System Combining Enforced Diatomite Process Followed by Biological Aerated Filters for Wastewater Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 2055-2059
Author(s):  
Wei Liang Wang ◽  
Xue Jun Bi ◽  
Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Hybrid Treatment

A hybrid treatment system combining enforced diatomite process followed by biological aerated filters (BAF) was developed for treatment of municipal wastewater. Most pollutants, especially phosphorus, were removed in the enforced diatomite process and BAFs took a role of polishing process. New ceramic filter media and ceramisite agitator were used in two BAFs for comparison. The results showed that when the average influent CODcr was 347mg/L, NH4+-N 49mg/L and TP 6.1mg/L, the removal efficiency was 92.6%, 99.8%, and 96.4% respectively at the operating conditions of precise diatomite dosage of 75mg/L, the sludge reflux ratio 100%, the HRT of 30min in diatomite enhanced primary treatment process and the HRT of 1.5h in BAF.

Modelling of the synthetic dye Orange II degradation using Fenton’s reagent: From batch to continuous reactor operation

2009 ◽  
Vol 148 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 394-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Herney Ramirez ◽  
Filipa M. Duarte ◽  
F.G. Martins ◽  
Carlos A. Costa ◽  
Luis M. Madeira
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Fenton's Reagent ◽  
Synthetic Dye

Degradation of trace contaminants using coupled sonochemistry and Fenton's reagent

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jiang ◽  
T.D. Waite
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Fenton's Reagent ◽  
First Order ◽  
Phenol Decomposition

The degradations of phenol in air-equilibrated aqueous media were investigated using coupled sonochemistry and Fenton's reagent for a variety of operating conditions. The decomposition yields of phenol (100-500 mM) were substantially enhanced due to the addition of Fenton's reagent (FeSO4) into the solutions irradiated at 608 kHz with 30 W and with reaction temperature 25 ± 1°C. The decomposition process follows a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with respect to phenol concentration, and the rate constant of phenol disappearance observed increases by approximately 2-3 fold when FeSO4 concentration was between 400 and 1000 M at pH = 3.5 ± 0.2 (controlled by phosphate buffer) as a result of Fe(II) reaction with H2O2 enabling further production of additional OH• radicals. The results obtained here also indicate that the decomposition rate of aqueous phenol using coupled ultrasound and Fenton's reagent was strongly dependant on the initial concentration of reactant, the amount of Fe(II) added as well as the pH of solution. The optimal operating conditions for 100-500 mM phenol decomposition in the air-equilibrated aqueous media were obtained when FeSO4 concentration was between 400 and 1,000 mM with pH in the range 3.5-4.2 under ultrasonic irradiation at 608 kHz, 30 W and reaction temperature 25 ± 1°C.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Optimal Placement of FACTS Devices for Voltage Stability Improvement with Economic Consideration Using Firefly Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
S. Rajasekaran ◽  
S. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Voltage Collapse ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bus System

Background: Increasing power demand forces the power systems to operate at their maximum operating conditions. This leads the power system into voltage instability and causes voltage collapse. To avoid this problem, FACTS devices have been used in power systems to increase system stability with much reduced economical ratings. To achieve this, the FACTS devices must be placed in exact location. This paper presents Firefly Algorithm (FA) based optimization method to locate these devices of exact rating and least cost in the transmission system. Methods: Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) are the FACTS devices used in the proposed methodology to enhance the voltage stability of power systems. Considering two objectives of enhancing the voltage stability of the transmission system and minimizing the cost of the FACTS devices, the optimal ratings and cost were identified for the devices under consideration using Firefly algorithm as an optimization tool. Also, a model study had been done with four different cases such as normal case, line outage case, generator outage case and overloading case (140%) for IEEE 14,30,57 and 118 bus systems. Results: The optimal locations to install SVC and TCSC in IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus systems were evaluated with minimal L-indices and cost using the proposed Firefly algorithm. From the results, it could be inferred that the cost of installing TCSC in IEEE bus system is slightly higher than SVC.For showing the superiority of Firefly algorithm, the results were compared with the already published research finding where this problem was solved using Genetic algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. It was revealed that the proposed firefly algorithm gives better optimum solution in minimizing the L-index values for IEEE 30 Bus system. Conclusion: The optimal placement, rating and cost of installation of TCSC and SVC in standard IEEE bus systems which enhanced the voltage stability were evaluated in this work. The need of the FACTS devices was also tested during the abnormal cases such as line outage case, generator outage case and overloading case (140%) with the proposed Firefly algorithm. Outputs reveal that the recognized placement of SVC and TCSC reduces the probability of voltage collapse and cost of the devices in the transmission lines. The capability of Firefly algorithm was also ensured by comparing its results with the results of other algorithms.

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