Comparative reductions of bacterial indicators, bacteriophage-infecting enteric bacteria and enteroviruses in wastewater tertiary treatments by lagooning and UV-radiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2223-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Gomila ◽  
Javier J. Solis ◽  
Zoyla David ◽  
Cristina Ramon ◽  
Jorge Lalucat
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Bacterial Indicators ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Helminth Eggs

A two-year monitoring program of microbiological and physical–chemical parameters at 2 waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) in Mallorca (Spain) was performed in order to (1) evaluate the efficiency of lagooning and UV radiation as tertiary treatment processes; (2) determine the characteristics of wastewater effluent for its potential agricultural reuse; and (3) establish correlations between bacteriological and virological parameters. The presence of currently established bacterial indicators (total coliforms, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia), virological (enteroviruses, somatic coliphages, F-specific coliphages, and phages infecting Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron), and helminth eggs were tested during this study. Bacterial and viral indicators were removed at least with one log reduction in the lagooning system, and to a lesser extent with UV-radiation treatment. The lagooning system was less efficient in removing phages and viruses than were bacterial indicators, with the exception of F-specific phages. Phages of B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron were less removed than all of the other microbiological parameters. In the UV-radiation treatment, however, the faecal coliforms proved the most sensitive, while clostridial spores, somatic coliphages, Bacteroides phages, and enteric viruses were the more resistant. Helminth eggs were not detected in any samples from effluents of either the secondary or tertiary treatments. Indicator levels in both treatments met the established regulations of both local and national authorities for the disposal or reuse of wastewater in irrigation for non-human crop. We demonstrate that somatic coliphages are effective indicators of enteric viruses in both of the WWTPs studied.

Attenuation of microorganisms in the soil during drip irrigation with waste stabilization pond effluent

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Campos ◽  
G. Oron ◽  
M. Salgot ◽  
L. Gillerman ◽  
G. Casais
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
The City

Waste stabilization ponds (WSP) are one of the most appropriate wastewater treatment methods to reduce nematode and faecal coliforms. However, there is still a risk of contamination of crops and soil irrigated with this kind of effluent. The purpose of this work was to examine the fate of microorganisms (faecal coliforms, F+, and somatic coliphages and helminth eggs), from WSP effluent used for irrigation of a vineyard orchard, under onsurface (ODI) and subsurface drip (SDI) systems. The field is located near the City of Arad (Israel). The soil and water samples were taken during the irrigation periods of two consecutive years (1997 and1998). During the first year the vineyard was irrigated with a low quality effluent from WSP (sedimentation and maturation ponds only) and during the second year a high quality effluent (sedimentation, anaerobic, and a series of aerobic ponds and a final reservoir) was used. The results showed a substantial elimination of microorganisms in the soil, decreasing negative impacts, and minimising environmental and health risks.

scholarly journals Enteric viruses, somatic coliphages and Vibrio species in marine bathing and non-bathing waters in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 110570 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bonadonna ◽  
R. Briancesco ◽  
E. Suffredini ◽  
A. Coccia ◽  
S. Della Libera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Bathing Waters

scholarly journals Detection of Bacterial Indicators and Human and Bovine Enteric Viruses in Surface Water and Groundwater Sources Potentially Impacted by Animal and Human Wastes in Lower Yakima Valley, Washington

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Gibson ◽  
Kellogg J. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Bacterial Indicators ◽  
Tangential Flow ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Human Wastes

ABSTRACTTangential flow ultrafiltration (UF) was used to concentrate and recover bacterial indicators and enteric viruses from 100 liters of groundwater (GW;n= 10) and surface water (SW;n= 11) samples collected in Lower Yakima Valley, WA. Human and bovine enteric viruses were analyzed in SW and GW concentrates by real-time PCR by using integrated inhibition detection.

Elimination of human enteric viruses during conventional waste water treatment by activated sludge

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 922-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Sylvie Fortin ◽  
Michel Trudel
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses ◽  
Type 3

The present study was undertaken to determine if viruses were selectively eliminated during waste water treatment. Human enteric viruses were detected at all steps of treatment in a conventional activated sludge waste water treatment plant. Liquid overlays and large volume sampling with multiple passages on BGM cells permitted the detection of poliovirus (serotypes 1, 2, and 3), coxsackievirus B (serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), and echovirus (serotypes 3, 14, and 22), as well as reoviruses. The mean virus concentration was 95.1 most probable number of infectious units per litre (mpniu/L) in raw sewage, 23.3 in settled water, 1.4 in effluent after activated sludge treatment, and 40.3 mpniu/L in sludge samples. All samples of raw sewage and settled water, 79% of effluent water, and 94% of sludge samples contained viruses. The mean reduction was 75% after settling and 98% after activated sludge treatment. Poliovirus type 3 was rarely isolated after the activated sludge treatment, but was still detected in about one-third of the sludge samples. Reoviruses and coxsackieviruses were detected at similar rates from all samples and appear to be more resistant to the activated sludge treatment than poliovirus type 3. Poliovirus types 1 and 2 were present in almost every sample of raw sewage and settled water and still found in about half of the effluent and sludge samples, indicating a level of resistance similar to that of reoviruses and coxsackieviruses.

Effect of hydraulic loading on the performance of unplanted drying beds treating low-concentrated faecal sludge

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
El hadji Mamadou Sonko ◽  
Cheikh Diop ◽  
Mbaye Mbéguéré ◽  
Alsane Seck ◽  
Amadou Guèye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Sludge

To optimize faecal sludge (FS) treatment plants in operation in Dakar (Senegal), this study was conducted to test the effectiveness of the solid/liquid separation on unplanted drying beds under different loading rates and two operation strategies (one or two feedings per campaign). Clogging, purification performances, dryness and hygienic quality were monitored. Results have shown that the load fractionation has reduced the clogging. Only removals of total solids (TS) and slightly those of total Kjeldahl nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand are influenced by the loading rate and the feeding mode. The reduction of faecal coliforms (FC) and helminth eggs (HE) in leachates is, respectively, 1 log unit and 100%. Two to nine days were sufficient to obtain a dryness higher than 80% TS with nominal loads of 13.7–122 kg/m2*year. Concentrations of the dried sludge in FC and HE were, respectively, about 7.104 FCU/100 g and 46 eggs/g with a reduction of 3 log unit after 15 days of drying and 32% in the sludge stored during 30 days. Unplanted beds are not effective for the treatment of low concentrated FS. The use of other technologies such as planted drying beds could be advisable in these types of sludge.

Bacteriophages and bacteria as indicators of enteric viruses in oysters and their harvest waters

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chung ◽  
L.-A. Jaykus ◽  
G. Lovelace ◽  
M. D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virus Contamination ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Receiving Water

Reliable indicators are needed to detect enteric virus contamination of bivalve molluscan shellfish and their harvest waters. Concentrations of male-specific (F+) coliphages, Bacteroides fragilis phages, Salmonella phages and several indicator bacteria in wastewater, estuarine receiving water and its oysters were examined for their ability to predict the presence and levels of faecal contamination and enteric viruses in oysters. Enteric viruses in oysters were detected by cell culture and RT-PCR methods. F+ coliphages, Salmonella phages, B fragilis phages and faecal indicator bacteria (faecal coliforms, E coli, enterococci and Clostridium perfringens) were generally positively associated and were highest in raw sewage and progressively lower in sewage effluent and in receiving waters at increasing distance from the wastewater discharge. Indicator levels in oysters were highest for F+ coliphages and C perfringens. One F+ RNA coliphage serotype (Group II) predominated in the wastewater, receiving water and oysters. Human enteric viruses were detected in 17/31 oyster samples. The levels of most indicators in oysters and water were higher when oysters were enteric virus-positive and lower when oysters were enteric virus-negative. F+ coliphages and C perfringens were the only indicators significantly associated with the presence of enteric viruses in oysters. F+ coliphages and their serotypes are promising indicators of human enteric virus contamination in oysters and their harvest waters.

Occurence of Enteric Bacteria, Coliphages and Enteric Viruses in a Gravel Aquifer of the Neckar River

1988 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
Tilman Hahn ◽  
Bernhard Flegr ◽  
Despina Tougianidou ◽  
Karen Herbold ◽  
Bertram Flehmig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Gravel Aquifer

Physico-chemical and bacteriological characterization of wastewater from Mexico City

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Blanca Jiménez ◽  
V. Homero Landa
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Dose Ranging

This study was designed to characterize the behavior of the wastewater produced by Mexico City after being subjected to a physico-chemical treatment of Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3 in a jar test simulation of an Advanced Primary Treatment (APT). Special attention was paid to the evaluation of the removal efficiency of suspended solids and of helminth eggs. The effluent thus obtained was first subjected to a simulated filtration process (through a fiberglass filter paper with an opening of 11 μm) and then it was disinfected with the use of two chemicals: sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and copper sulphate (CuSO4). The use of both the Al2(SO4)3 (dose ranging from 25 to 40 mg/L) and the FeCl3 (varying from 20 to 40 mg/L) in combination with the filtration process proved to be quite effective in what refers to the removal mechanisms of helminth eggs. The concentrations recorded in each of the effluents fell always below the international regulations for irrigation reuse (<1 org/L as helminth eggs). The removal rates achieved for both coagulants were close to 99%. In what refers to the disinfection accomplished with the use of NaOCl (from 4 to 17 mg/L as Cl2) and CuSO4 (from 3 to 5 mg/L as Cu), it was found to be an excellent supplementary process because less than 1000 CFU/100 mL were recorded and this value satisfies the international recommendations. The treatment as a whole showed removal efficiencies of 45% as COD, 73% SST, 99% helminth eggs, 99.99% faecal coliforms and from 7 to 87% in heavy metals.

Comparative adsorption of norwalk virus, poliovirus 1 and F+ RNA coliphage MS2 to soils suspended in treated wastewater

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Meschke ◽  
M. D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
Georgia Kaolinite ◽  
Major Factors

Enteric viruses such as Norwalk virus (NV) are important agents of waterborne disease from faecally contaminated groundwater. Viruses are more resistant to inactivation than most enteric bacteria and they may not be removed efficiently during land application. Adsorption is one of the major factors in viral removal and persistence in soils. The adsorption of NV by soils suspended in wastewater has not been determined. Therefore, we determined the adsorption of NV to six soils (Cecil clay-loam, Corolla sand, Georgia Kaolinite (clay), Wyoming Bentonite (clay), Ponzer organic muck and Flushing Meadows sand-loam) suspended in treated wastewater and compared it to that of poliovirus 1 (PV1) (strongly adsorbed) and MS2 (weakly adsorbed). NV is shown to be less sorptive than PV1 and more sorptive than MS2. Furthermore, relative virus adsorption among soils was similar for all three enteric viruses with viruses most adsorbed by clays and least adsorbed by sand and organic soils.

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