Integrated solutions for urban runoff pollution control in Brazilian metropolitan regions

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. D. Morihama ◽  
C. Amaro ◽  
E. N. S. Tominaga ◽  
L. F. O. L. Yazaki ◽  
M. C. S. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Urban Rivers ◽  
Special Investigation ◽  
Water Quality Variables ◽  
Rain Events

One of the most important causes for poor water quality in urban rivers in Brazil is the low collection efficiency of the sewer system due to unforeseen interconnections with the stormwater drainage system. Since the beginning of the 20th century, Brazilian cities have adopted separate systems for sanitary sewers and stormwater runoff. Gradually these two systems became interconnected. A major challenge faced today by water managers in Brazil is to find efficient and low cost solutions to deal with this mixed system. The current situation poses an important threat to the improvement of the water quality in urban rivers and lakes. This article presents an evaluation of the water quality parameters and the diffuse pollution loads during rain events in the Pinheiros River, a tributary of the Tietê River in São Paulo. It also presents different types of integrated solutions for reducing the pollution impact of combined systems, based on the European experience in urban water management. An evaluation of their performance and a comparison with the separate system used in most Brazilian cities is also presented. The study is based on an extensive water quality monitoring program that was developed for a special investigation in the Pinheiros River and lasted 2.5 years. Samples were collected on a daily basis and water quality variables were analyzed on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. Two hundred water quality variables were monitored at 53 sampling points. During rain events, additional monitoring was carried out using an automated sampler. Pinheiros River is one of the most important rivers in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region and it is also a heavily polluted one.

scholarly journals The climatic rhythm and blooms of cyanobacteria in a tropical reservoir in São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ogashawara ◽  
JA Zavattini ◽  
JG Tundisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Tropical Reservoir

The present study sought to develop a methodology to analyse water quality based on the concepts and methods of climate and climatology. Accordingly, we attempted to relate hydro- and limnometeorological techniques and methodologies to a rhythmic analysis technique developed within the context of the Brazilian geographical climatology. Our goal was to assess and analyse cyanobacterial blooms, the main index of water quality for the reservoirs of the “Alto Tietê” Basin and, consequently, the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, an area of high environmental complexity due to its high degree of development and high population density. The meteorological data used were collected by the Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences at the University of São Paulo meteorological station, and the limnological data were collected through the Hydrological Monitoring System implemented by SABESP in the Billings and Guarapiranga Reservoirs and the laboratory of the same entity. The rhythmic and integrated analysis showed that the process of cyanobacterial blooms is dependent on a combination of meteorological factors as temperature and wind intensity that may disrupt the stability of the reservoir, providing the conditions necessary for the development of cyanobacteria during the stabilisation process. The pace of the Atlantic Polar Front Entrance during the winter in São Paulo is a limiting factor for the growth of cyanobacteria because of their high frequency, thus maintaining the balance of the reservoir throughout this period. The weather types those could cause a instability in the water column were: Cold Front entrance (66.67%), conflict between masses (22.22%) and the Tropical Instability Line (11.11%). The possibility for prevention and forecasting periods advise when these reservoirs should not be used, mainly with regard to recreational activities.

scholarly journals Water Quality Index (WQI) of Jaguari and Atibaia Rivers in the region of Paulínia, São Paulo, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 188 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Antonio Gomes Ramos ◽  
Eduardo Schneider Bueno de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Carlos Simões Pião ◽  
Dilza Aparecida Nalin de Oliveira Leite ◽  
Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo

Land use influence on raw surface water quality and treatment costs for drinking supply in São Paulo State (Brazil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 516-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha ◽  
Lyda Patricia Sabogal-Paz ◽  
Walter Kennedy Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

scholarly journals Effect of watershed land use on water quality: a case study in Córrego da Olaria Basin, São Paulo State, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. L. Simedo ◽  
A. L. M. Martins ◽  
T. C. T. Pissarra ◽  
M. C. Lopes ◽  
R. C. A. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

Abstract The water quality is related to the hydrologic and limnologic properties of ground and surface water, and significant efforts have been made to monitor water sources to understand the effects of land use changes in agricultural areas, with significant socioeconomic activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the qualitative aspects of surface water in subbasins related to land use. Samples were analyzed in terms of physical and chemical parameters on monthly discrete water quality sampling in four representative sites at first order subbasin streams, located at the Polo Regional Centro Norte, Pindorama County, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The land use classification was made by visual detection technique in a multispectral satellite data obtained from LandSat8- spectral bands of the OLI sensor. The watershed was classified into major land cover/use classes and overlay maps generated in ArcGIS 10 indicated a significant shift from natural vegetation to agriculture activities. Water quality monitoring was according to the brazilian protocol and the results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The values obtained differ significantly at each sampling point - subbasins, reflecting the effects of land use on water quality. Soil conservation management is important to optimize soil use in order to contribute to the control of water pollution and the formulation of a public policy is necessary for the conservation of water and soil resources.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of the impacts of water quality on fishery production in the Estuary Complex of Santos, São Vicente and Bertioga cities, in southeastern coast of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Victor Carrozza Barcellini ◽  
Ângela Tavares Paes ◽  
Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Monetary Loss

The present study proposes a diagnosis of water quality and fishery production in the Estuarine Complex of Santos, São Vicente, and Bertioga Cities as a requirement for economic valuation of water pollution impacts on fishing production. In the study period (2009–2014), three water quality parameters were identified (dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, and nitrate), which occurred more frequently in non-conformity with Brazilian water standards, according to reports released by the Environmental Company of São Paulo State (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo — CETESB). For data collection of fishery production, data from the monitoring of Institute of Fisheries of Santos City (Instituto de Pesca de Santos) were used, and 15 species were identified with higher occurrence in the study area. The relation between water quality parameters and fishery production was analyzed with mixed linear models, in which significant values for dissolved oxygen parameters, total phosphorus (positive relation), and nitrate (negative relation) were found. Environmental valuation considered only the direct use values (DUV) component of the valuation of fishery production variation in relation to water quality variation. For this purpose, the Marginal Productivity Method (MPM) of the dose-response function was used, which resulted in a range of monetary loss between US$ 24,760,550.22 and US$ 60,635,978.78. The obtained values represent only a portion of the valuation of economic and environmental loss in the fishing activity (part of DUV). Therefore, economic value calculated is conservative, and although it did not reached the total amount corresponding to all the impacts caused by poor water quality, given the limitations of methods and study period, the obtained values represent the minimum environmental monetary loss.

scholarly journals The contribution of the Guarulhos Municipality (São Paulo State) to the water quality of the Alto Tietê System

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Romero VARGAS ◽  
João José Samarão GONÇALVES ◽  
Fabrício Bau DALMAS ◽  
Antonio Roberto SAAD ◽  
Regina De Oliveira Moraes ARRUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

A contribuição do município de Guarulhos (Estado de São Paulo) para a qualidade de água do Sistema Alto Tietê. Guarulhos (SP) tem apresentado índices de crescimento populacional acima da média da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Baquirivu Guaçu (BHRBG), onde se localiza o Rio Baquirivu Guaçu, é o vetor de expansão urbana do município e da região. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise da qualidade das águas do Rio Baquirivu-Guaçu na entrada e na saída do município de Guarulhos, avaliando os efeitos da implantação das ETEs e do uso da terra sobre a qualidade das águas do Rio Baquirivu-Guaçu, entre os anos de 2010 e 2014. Para isto foram elaborados os mapas de uso de terra no período analisado, uma análise do funcionamento das ETEs na área de estudo, e a análise estatística dos Índices de Qualidade de Águas (IQA) e de seus parâmetros nos diferentes pontos do rio. Os dados referentes às análises físico-química e microbiológica do Rio Baquirivu-Guaçu indicam uma qualidade de água na saída do município de Guarulhos (IQA=16), muito inferior àquela que recebe do município de Arujá (IQA=32). Os valores médios, em especial para os parâmetros DBO, OD, TU, ST e CF indicam uma piora na qualidade das águas do Rio Baquirivu-Guaçu no ponto BQGU03850. Os valores dos parâmetros NT, PT e pH foram muito próximos para ambos os pontos da entrada e saída da bacia. A análise entre a evolução do uso da terra e a qualidade da água demonstra as consequências do processo inadequado de crescimento urbano na bacia e que as fontes poluidoras domésticas e industriais representam considerável risco à qualidade das águas, demonstrando que as obras de saneamento realizadas até o momento não foram eficazes na redução de cargas poluidoras das águas do rio Baquirivu-Guaçu.

Ten Year Survey of Salmonella and Enterovirus in Raw and Treated Waters in the Great São Paulo Area, Brazil

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Martins ◽  
P. S. Sanchez ◽  
E. Marques ◽  
C. K. Monteiro ◽  
A. G. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Treated Water

The monitoring program for Enterovirus and Salmonella in raw and treated waters, from nine water treatment plants of Great São Paulo, Brazil, has been developed by CETESB- The São Paulo State Environmental Protection Agency under a contract with SABESP - Water Industry and Sewage Works Company, since 1976. For Salmonella analysis a total of 904 samples of raw water and 997 of treated water were analysed during these last 10 years. A percentage of 30.6 of 904 raw water samples revealed the presence of Salmonella. These pathogenic bacteria were absent in treated water. For Enterovirus, 383 samples of raw water were analysed, out of these 14.9% revealed the presence of virus. From a total of 366 viruses isolated 195 (53.3%) were Poliovirus, 79 (21.6%) were Echovirus, 30 (8.2%) were Coxsackievirus and 62 (16.9%) isolates were untyped. As far as treated water is concerned for the 10 year study, only 3 out of 975 samples were positive for viruses (Poliovirus type 2, Coxsackie A16, and one isolate untyped). Coliforms and Salmonella were not detected in these 3 samples. Residual chlorine was present. In the sample where Poliovirus type 2 was present, free residual chlorine was 1.5 mg/L and pH 9.2. This survey demonstrated that the conventional procedures for water treatment used by SABESP were in general efficient for Enterovirus and Salmonella removal.

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