Methodological approach for the optimization of drinking water treatment plants' operation: a case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽  
Federico Castagnola ◽  
Barbara Marianna Crotti ◽  
Massimo Raboni
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Critical barriers to safe and secure drinking water may include sources (e.g. groundwater contamination), treatments (e.g. treatment plants not properly operating) and/or contamination within the distribution system (infrastructure not properly maintained). The performance assessment of these systems, based on monitoring, process parameter control and experimental tests, is a viable tool for the process optimization and water quality control. The aim of this study was to define a procedure for evaluating the performance of full-scale drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and for defining optimal solutions for plant upgrading in order to optimize operation. The protocol is composed of four main phases (routine and intensive monitoring programmes – Phases 1 and 2; experimental studies – Phase 3; plant upgrade and optimization – Phase 4). The protocol suggested in this study was tested in a full-scale DWTP placed in the North of Italy (Mortara, Pavia). The results outline some critical aspects of the plant operation and permit the identification of feasible solutions for the DWTP upgrading in order to optimize water treatment operation.

Characterization of NOM in a drinking water treatment process train with no disinfectant residual

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Baghoth ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
A. Grefte ◽  
J. Kroesbergen ◽  
G. L. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

For drinking water treatment plants that do not use disinfectant residual in the distribution system, it is important to limit availability of easily biodegradable natural organic matter (NOM) fractions which could enhance bacterial regrowth in the distribution system. This can be achieved by optimising the removal of those fractions of interest during treatment; however, this requires a better understanding of the physical and chemical properties of these NOM components. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and liquid chromatography with online organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) were used to characterize NOM in water samples from one of the two water treatment plants serving Amsterdam, The Netherlands. No disinfectant residual is applied in the distribution system. Fluorescence EEM and LC-OCD were used to track NOM fractions. Whereas fluorescence EEM shows the reduction of humic-like as well as protein-like fluorescence signatures, LC-OCD was able to quantify the changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of five NOM fractions: humic substances, building blocks (hydrolysates of humics), biopolymers, low molecular weight acids and neutrals.

scholarly journals Identification of Micro-plastic Contamination in Drinking Water Treatment Plants in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 210307
Author(s):  
Sandhya Babel ◽  
Hakk Dork
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Micro-plastics (MP) contamination in drinking water has become a global concern. Its negative impacts on human health have been reported. This study identified the presence of MP in two different drinking water treatment plants (WTP) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and investigated their removal efficiency. Samples were collected from the inlet, sedimentation, sand filtration, and distribution tank to quantify the removal by each unit. An optical microscope and a fluorescence microscope were used to detect the MP in four size fractions: 6.5-20, 20-53, 53-500, and >500 µm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to identify the polymer type for particles with size fractions of 53-500 and >500 µm. The results showed that the MP counted in WTP1 were 1180.5 ± 158 p/L in the inlet and 521 ± 61 p/L in the distribution tank. In WTP2, the MP counted were 1463 ± 126 p/L in the inlet and 617 ± 147 p/L in the distribution tank. The smaller size fraction of 6.5-20 µm predominated at each sampling location. Fragments were the most abundant morphology compared to fibers in all sampling points of both plants. PET predominated and the overall percentages for the inlet tank were 28.8% and 26%, followed by PE with 27.1% and 20.8% in WTP1 and WTP2, respectively. Other common polymer types were PP, PA, PES, and cellophane, while all others accounted for less than 5%. The results of the study showed that a significant number of MP remained in the water distribution system.

Nanofiltration selection for NOM removal: pilot and full-scale operation

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Durand-Bourlier ◽  
Amandine Tinghir ◽  
Philippe Masereel ◽  
Sylvie Baig
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Belgium is increasingly encountering drinking water problems because of resource scarcity and because of the quality of surface water from rivers and canal, which are often highly degraded. High organic matter concentrations are found and treated water has non-satisfying organic contents. This has a direct impact on THM formation and bacteria regrowth in the supply network. With more and more stringent regulations, organic matters concentration level in drinking water must be reduced. Nanofiltration (NF) is a suitable method for organic matter removal with reduction efficiency sometimes higher than 90 % (Orecki et al. 2004). It can be more effective than conventional technologies like activated carbon adsorption (Coté et al. 1996). This is a reason for upgrading old treatment plants by using NF treatment as a polishing step. Two drinking water treatment plants located in Eupen and La Gileppe in Belgium needed to be upgraded. These both plants treat surface water from dams and are equipped with a conventional clarification. A pilot study was carried out to compare different treatment files to remove Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Biologically Degradable Organic Carbon (BDOC). NF process has been finally chosen. The aim of the paper is to report and discuss data supporting the choice of NF from pilot scale study and next full-scale performances of both upgraded drinking water treatment plants. The whole demonstrates the interest of NF as a suitable technology organic matter removal.

scholarly journals Concentration Detection of the E. coli Bacteria in Drinking Water Treatment Plants through an E-Nose and a Volatiles Extraction System (VES)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Jeniffer Carrillo-Gómez ◽  
Cristhian Durán-Acevedo ◽  
Ramón García-Rico
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Water quality control remains an important topic of public health since some diseases, such as diarrhea, hepatitis, and cholera, are caused by its consumption. The microbiological quality of drinking water relies mainly on monitoring of Escherichia coli, a bacteria indicator which serves as an early sentinel of potential health hazards for the population. In this study, an electronic nose coupled to a volatile extraction system (was evaluated for the detection of the emitted compounds by E. coli in water samples where its capacity for the quantification of the bacteria was demonstrated). To achieve this purpose, the multisensory system was subjected to control samples for training. Later, it was tested with samples from drinking water treatment plants in two locations of Colombia. For the discrimination and classification of the water samples, the principal component analysis method was implemented obtaining a discrimination variance of 98.03% of the measurements to different concentrations. For the validation of the methodology, the membrane filtration technique was used. In addition, two classification methods were applied to the dataset where a success rate of 90% of classification was obtained using the discriminant function analysis and having a probabilistic neural network coupled to the cross-validation technique (leave-one-out) where a classification rate of 80% was obtained. The application of this methodology achieved an excellent classification of the samples, discriminating the free samples of E. coli from those that contained the bacteria. In the same way, it was observed that the system could correctly estimate the concentration of this bacteria in the samples. The proposed method in this study has a high potential to be applied in the determination of E. coli in drinking water since, in addition for estimating concentration ranges and having the necessary sensitivity, it significantly reduces the time of analysis compared to traditional methods.

scholarly journals Manganese removal processes at 10 groundwater fed full-scale drinking water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Breda ◽  
L. Ramsay ◽  
D. A. Søborg ◽  
R. Dimitrova ◽  
P. Roslev
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Removal Processes

Abstract Manganese (Mn) removal in drinking water filters is facilitated by biological and physico-chemical processes. However, there is limited information about the dominant processes for Mn removal in full-scale matured filters with different filter materials over filter depth. Water and filter material samples were collected from 10 full-scale drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) to characterise the Mn removal processes, to evaluate the potential use of enhancers and to gain further insight on operational conditions of matured filters for the efficient Mn removal. The first-order Mn removal constant at the DWTPs varied from 10−2 to 10−1 min−1. The amount of Mn coating on the filter material grains showed a strong correlation with the amount of iron, calcium and total coating, but no correlation with the concentration of ATP. Inhibition of biological activity showed that Mn removal in matured filters was dominated by physico-chemical processes (59–97%). Addition of phosphorus and trace metals showed limited effect on Mn removal capacity, indicating that the enhancement of Mn removal in matured filters is possible but challenging. There was limited effect of the filter material type (quartz, calcium carbonate and anthracite) on Mn removal in matured filters, which can be relevant information for the industry when assessing filter designs and determining returns of investments. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).

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