Non-Invasive Early Detection and Molecular Analysis of Low X-ray Dose Effects in the Lens

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

Download Full-text

Medical electrical equipment. Dosimetric instruments used for non-invasive measurement of X-ray tube voltage in diagnostic radiology

10.3403/02736917u ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Electrical Equipment ◽

Diagnostic Radiology ◽

Tube Voltage ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Medical Electrical Equipment ◽

Invasive Measurement

Download Full-text

Diagnostic efficacy and suitability of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection – The future non-invasive gold-standard?

Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University ◽

10.37018/jfjmu.558 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 184-190

Author(s):

Muhammad Irfan ◽

Abdul Rasheed Qureshi ◽

Zeeshan Ashraf ◽

Muhammad Amjad Ramzan ◽

Tehmina Naeem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pleural Effusion ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Pleural Fluid ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Pleural Effusions ◽

Diagnostic Efficacy ◽

Chest Sonography ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Fluid Detection

ABSTRACT Background: Conventionally Pleural effusions are suspected by history of pleuritis, evaluated by physical signs and multiple view radiography. Trans-thoracic pleural aspiration is done and aspirated pleural fluid is considered the gold-standard for pleural effusion. Chest sonography has the advantage of having high diagnostic efficacy over radiography for the detection of pleural effusion. Furthermore, ultrasonography is free from radiation hazards, inexpensive, readily available and feasible for use in ICU, pregnant and pediatric patients. This study aims to explore the diagnostic accuracy of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection, which is free of such disadvantages. The objective is to determine the diagnostic efficacy of trans-thoracic ultrasound for detecting pleural effusion and also to assess its suitability for being a non-invasive gold-standard. Subject and Methods: This retrospective study of 4597 cases was conducted at pulmonology OPD-Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore from November 2016 to July 2018. Adult patients with clinical features suggesting pleural effusions were included while those where no suspicion of pleural effusion, patients < 14 years and pregnant ladies were excluded. Patients were subjected to chest x-ray PA and Lateral views and chest ultrasonography was done by a senior qualified radiologist in OPD. Ultrasound-guided pleural aspiration was done in OPD & fluid was sent for analysis. At least 10ml aspirated fluid was considered as diagnostic for pleural effusion. Patient files containing history, physical examination, x-ray reports, ultrasound reports, pleural aspiration notes and informed consent were retrieved, reviewed and findings were recorded in the preformed proforma. Results were tabulated and conclusion was drawn by statistical analysis. Results: Out of 4597 cases, 4498 pleural effusion were manifested on CXR and only 2547(56.62%) pleural effusions were proved by ultrasound while 2050 (45.57%) cases were reported as no Pleural effusion. Chest sonography demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy 100 % each. Conclusions: Trans-thoracic ultrasonography revealed an excellent efficacy that is why it can be considered as non-invasive gold standard for the detection of pleural effusion.

Download Full-text

Early Detection of Breast Cancer by Molecular Analysis of Ductal Lavage Fluid

10.21236/ada410198 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Saraswati Sukumar

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Ductal Lavage

Download Full-text

Early Detection of Breast Cancer by Molecular Analysis of Ductal Lavage Fluid

10.21236/ada427065 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Saraswati Sukumar

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Ductal Lavage

Download Full-text

Non-Invasive Technical Investigation of English Portrait Miniatures Attributed to Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage4030064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1165-1181

Author(s):

Flavia Fiorillo ◽

Lucia Burgio ◽

Christine Slottved Kimbriel ◽

Paola Ricciardi

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽

Scientific Methodology ◽

Small Scale ◽

Artistic Practice ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Miniature Painting ◽

Entire Career ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Victoria And Albert Museum

This study presents the results of the technical investigation carried out on several English portrait miniatures painted in the 16th and 17th century by Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver, two of the most famous limners working at the Tudor and Stuart courts. The 23 objects chosen for the analysis, spanning almost the entire career of the two artists, belong to the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum (London) and the Fitzwilliam Museum (Cambridge). A non-invasive scientific methodology, comprising of stereo and optical microscopies, Raman microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, was required for the investigation of these small-scale and fragile objects. The palettes and working techniques of the two artists were characterised, focusing in particular on the examination of flesh tones, mouths, and eyes. These findings were also compared to the information written in the treatises on miniature painting circulating during the artists’ lifetime. By identifying the materials and techniques most widely employed by the two artists, this study provides information about similarities and differences in their working methods, which can help to understand their artistic practice as well as contribute to matters of attribution.

Download Full-text

Exploring personalized postoperative non-invasive tissue oximetry in DIEP flap breast reconstruction

European Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00238-021-01873-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anouk A. M. A. Lindelauf ◽

Nousjka P. A. Vranken ◽

Rutger M. Schols ◽

Esther A. C. Bouman ◽

Patrick W. Weerwind ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Breast Reconstruction ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Diep Flap ◽

Baseline Measurement ◽

Flap Surgery ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Vascular Compromise ◽

Tissue Oximetry

Abstract Early detection of vascular compromise after autologous breast reconstruction is crucial to enable timely re-exploration for flap salvage. Several studies proposed non-invasive tissue oximetry for early identification of ischemia of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps. The present study aimed to explore the utility of non-invasive tissue oximetry following DIEP flap surgery using a personalized oxygenation threshold. Methods Patients undergoing immediate/delayed DIEP flap surgery were included in this prospective observational study. DIEP flap tissue oxygenation (StO2) was monitored continuously using near-infrared spectroscopy. A baseline measurement was performed by positioning one sensor at the marked position of the major inferior epigastric perforator on the abdomen. A new sensor was positioned postoperatively on the transplanted tissue. In unilateral procedures, postoperative StO2 values of the native breast were also obtained. Measurements were continued for 24 h. Results Thirty patients (42 flaps) were included. Fourteen patients (46.7%) had an uncomplicated postoperative course. A minor complication was observed in thirteen patients; in five patients, at least one major complication occurred, requiring re-exploration. Median StO2 readings were significantly lower in patients with major complications compared to uncomplicated cases. In fourteen unilateral DIEP flap procedures, StO2 values of the native breast were similar to the preoperative baseline measurement (92%; p = 0.452). Conclusions Non-invasive tissue oximetry following DIEP flap surgery could aid in early detection of vascular compromise. StO2 values of the native breast and abdominal wall preoperatively can be used interchangeably and can serve as personalized reference value. Level of evidence: Level IV, diagnostic / prognostic study.

Download Full-text

Progress Towards Arrays of Microcalorimeter X-Ray Detectors

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600031329 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (S2) ◽

pp. 1050-1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.W. Nam ◽

D.A. Wollman ◽

Dale E. Newbury ◽

G.C. Hilton ◽

K.D. Irwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Energy Resolution ◽

Count Rate ◽

Small Area ◽

High Performance ◽

X Ray ◽

Pixel Array ◽

Primary Advantage ◽

Low X ◽

Single Pixel

The high performance of single-pixel microcalorimeter EDS (μ,cal EDS) has been shown to be very useful for a variety of microanalysis cases. The primary advantage of jxcal EDS over conventional EDS is the factor of 25 improvement in energy resolution (∽3 eV in real-time). This level of energy resolution is particularly important for applications such as nanoscale contaminant analysis where it is necessary to resolve peak overlaps at low x-ray energies. Because μcal EDS offers practical solutions to many microanalysis problems, several companies are proceeding with commercialization of single-pixel μal EDS technology. Two drawbacks limiting the application of uxal EDS are its low count rate (∽500 s−1) and small area (∽0.04 mm for a bare single pixel, ∽5 mm2 with a polycapillary optic). We are developing a 32x32 pixel array with a total area of 40 mm2 and with a total count rate between 105 s−1 and 106 s−1.

Download Full-text

Tailoring the electron and hole dimensionality to achieve efficient and stable metal halide perovskite scintillators

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2020-0624 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Zhifang Tan ◽

Jincong Pang ◽

Guangda Niu ◽

Jun-Hui Yuan ◽

Kan-Hao Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Solubility ◽

Radiation Stability ◽

Metal Halide ◽

Lead Free ◽

X Ray ◽

Metal Halide Perovskite ◽

Bonding Interaction ◽

Halide Perovskites ◽

Halide Perovskite ◽

Low X

Abstract Metal halide perovskites have recently been reported as excellent scintillators for X-ray detection. However, perovskite based scintillators are susceptible to moisture and oxygen atmosphere, such as the water solubility of CsPbBr3, and oxidation vulnerability of Sn2+, Cu+. The traditional metal halide scintillators (NaI: Tl, LaBr3, etc.) are also severely restricted by their high hygroscopicity. Here we report a new kind of lead free perovskite with excellent water and radiation stability, Rb2Sn1-x Te x Cl6. The equivalent doping of Te could break the in-phase bonding interaction between neighboring octahedra in Rb2SnCl6, and thus decrease the electron and hole dimensionality. The optimized Te content of 5% resulted in high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92.4%, and low X-ray detection limit of 0.7 µGyair s−1. The photoluminescence and radioluminescence could be maintained without any loss when immersing in water or after 480,000 Gy radiations, outperforming previous perovskite and traditional metal halides scintillators.

Download Full-text