scholarly journals FLOW OF LIQUID He II UNDER LARGE TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE GRADIENTS

1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Craig ◽  
W. E. Keller ◽  
E. F. Hammel, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Large Temperature ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

scholarly journals Flow of liquid He II under large temperature and pressure gradients

1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.P Craig ◽  
W.E Keller ◽  
E.F Hammel
Keyword(s):  
Large Temperature ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Thermal Conductivity of Ammonia in a Large Temperature and Pressure Range Including the Critical Region

1984 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tufeu ◽  
D. Y. Ivanov ◽  
Y. Garrabos ◽  
B. Le Neindre
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Environmental Chamber for Temperature and Pressure Investigations on MEMS Devices

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djemel Lellouchi ◽  
Jean-Luc Gauffier ◽  
Xavier Lafontan ◽  
Patrick Pons ◽  
Petra Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Rf Mems ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Environmental Testing ◽  
Pressure Testing ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

In this paper, we present a new tool developed for environmental testing of MEMS: the EMA (Environmental MEMS Analyzer) 3D. Based on white light profilometry coupled with an environmental chamber, it permits large temperature scale and different pressure testing. This system has been used to characterize the environmental behavior of two types of RF MEMS, from −20 to 200°C.

scholarly journals Microannulus Formation Mechanism at the Cementing Interface of a Thermal Recovery Well during Cyclic Steam Injection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
JiWei Wu ◽  
XueGang Wang ◽  
Lin Song ◽  
ShouMing Zhong ◽  
WenFeng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Thermomechanical Coupling ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Cement Interface ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Injection Technology

During the thermal recovery of heavy oil when using cyclic steam injection technology, a microannulus tends to form at the cementing interface subjected to high temperature and pressure during steam injection, and large temperature and pressure differences after injection can lead to wellbore integrity failure. In this study, a thermomechanical coupled finite element casing-cement-formation model of a thermal recovery wellbore is established. The deformation of the wellbore during both the steam injection stage and the steam shutdown stage is analyzed. The microannulus formation mechanism at the cementing interface of the wellbore is studied. During steam injection, under the large thermomechanical coupling load, the wellbore generates a high stress that leads to elastic-plastic deformation. In the steam shutdown stage, with the load on the wellbore decreasing, elastic deformation recovers mostly, while plastic deformation continues. If the plastic deformation is large enough, a microannulus will form at the cementing interface. Increasing the elastic moduli of the casing, cement, and the formation can enlarge their plastic deformation during steam injection. The increase of plastic deformation of the cement or formation can enlarge the microannulus of the casing-cement interface or the cement-formation interface correspondingly in the steam shutdown stage.

scholarly journals A surface model for water and energy balance in cold regions accounting for vapor diffusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enkhbayar Dandar ◽  
Maarten W. Saaltink ◽  
Jesús Carrera ◽  
Buyankhishig Nemer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Energy Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Vapor Diffusion

Abstract. Computation of recharge in subarctic climate regions is complicated by phase change and permafrost, causing conventional conceptual land surface models to be inaccurate. We conjecture that large vapor pressure gradients, driven by the large temperature difference between the soil surface and the thawing permafrost active layer, may cause a significant water and energy transfer during late spring and early summer. To analyze this conjecture, we develop a two-compartment water and energy balance model that accounts for freezing and melting and includes vapor diffusion as a water and energy transfer mechanism. It also accounts for the effect of slope orientation on radiation, which may be important for high latitude mountain areas. We apply this model to weather data from the Terelj station (Mongolia). We find that vapor diffusion plays an important quantitative role in the energy balance and a relevant qualitative role in the water balance. Except for snowmelt and a few large precipitation events, most of the continuous recharge is driven by vapor diffusion fluxes. Large vapor fluxes occur during spring and early summer, when surface temperatures are moderate, but the subsoil remains cold, creating large downwards vapor pressure gradients. Temperature gradients reverse in fall and early winter, but the vapor diffusion fluxes do not, because of the small vapor pressure differences at low temperature. The downwards latent heat flux associated to vapor diffusion is essential for the thawing of the active layer. On a yearly basis, it is largely compensated by heat conduction, which is much larger than in temperate regions and upwards on average. Furthermore, we find that total surface runoff is small and concentrated at the beginning of spring due to snowmelt. Recharge is relatively high and delayed with respect to snowmelt because a portion of it is associated to thawing at depth, which may occur much later.

Influence of the Reference State in the SLW Model for Flows With Strong Temperature and Pressure Gradients

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Badinand ◽  
T. H. Fransson
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Reference Temperature ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Reference Pressure ◽  
Pressure Changes

Radiative heat transfer in a real case showing high temperature and pressure gradients is calculated with a global model (SLW) with and without re-scaling of the absorption coefficients to the local conditions. Changes in radiative heat flux to the walls for different reference temperatures and reference pressures are studied. Changes in reference pressure are shown to have a small influence compared to changes in reference temperature, except if the pressure is less than 10 bars for a high-pressure case. The use of the scaling does decrease the dependency on the reference condition. The highest differences obtained with strong reference temperature or pressure changes (800K and 30.105 Pa) are of about 15% and 7% respectively. For smaller changes, an uncertainty of 5% could be assumed.

Diurnal Cycle of Thermally Driven Cross-Basin Winds in Arizona’s Meteor Crater

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Lehner ◽  
C. David Whiteman ◽  
Sebastian W. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Crater Floor ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Thermally Driven ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Cross-basin winds produced by asymmetric insolation of the crater sidewalls occur in Arizona’s Meteor Crater on days with weak background winds. The diurnal cycle of the cross-basin winds is analyzed together with radiation, temperature, and pressure measurements at the crater sidewalls for a 1-month period. The asymmetric irradiation causes horizontal temperature and pressure gradients across the crater basin that drive the cross-basin winds near the crater floor. The horizontal temperature and pressure gradients and wind directions change as the sun moves across the sky, with easterly winds in the morning and westerly winds in the evening. A case study of 12 October 2006 further illustrates the obtained relation between these parameters for an individual day. The occurrence of an elevated cross-basin flow on 23 October 2006 is shown to relate to the presence of an elevated inversion layer.

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