scholarly journals Solar energy hot water heating and electric utilities. A model validation. Final report

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
Electric Utilities ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Water Heating

Evacuated Tube Heat Pipe Solar Collectors Applied to Recirculation Loop in a Federal Building: SSA Philadelphia

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Walker ◽  
Fariborz Mahjouri ◽  
Robert Stiteler
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Evacuated Tube ◽  
Recirculation Loop

This paper describes design, simulation, construction and measured initial performance of a solar water heating system (360 Evacuated Heat-Pipe Collector tubes, 54 m2 gross area, 36 m2 net absorber area) installed at the top of the hot water recirculation loop in the Social Security Mid-Atlantic Center in Philadelphia. Water returning to the hot water storage tank is heated by the solar array when solar energy is available. This new approach, as opposed to the more conventional approach of preheating incoming water, is made possible by the thermal diode effect of heat pipes and low heat loss from evacuated tube solar collectors. The simplicity of this approach and its low installation costs makes the deployment of solar energy in existing commercial buildings more attractive, especially where the roof is far removed from the water heating system, which is often in the basement. Initial observed performance of the system is reported. Hourly simulation estimates annual energy delivery of 111 GJ/year of solar heat and that the annual efficiency (based on the 54 m2 gross area) of the solar collectors is 41%, and that of the entire system including parasitic pump power, heat loss due to freeze protection, and heat loss from connecting piping is 34%. Annual average collector efficiency based on a net aperture area of 36 m2 is 61.5% according to the hourly simulation.

Solar Energy Application for Space and Hot Water Heating Purposes in Agricultural Production

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Donald L. Van Dyne
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Solar Energy Application ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Energy Application ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Auxiliary Source

The cost and availability of conventional energy sources currently used as inputs for agricultural production continue to be a very important concern in planning and decision making. Interest in solar energy for use in space and water heating, grain drying, and other areas, has been stimulated because it is technically feasible, abundant, renewable, and nonpolluting. Although it is reasonably reliable and can provide a large portion of the total heat need for many situations, it does require an auxiliary source of energy.

scholarly journals Performance Studies and Energy-Saving Analysis of a Solar Water-Heating System

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
Xilian Han ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Hongqiang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Heating System

This paper proposed an experimental test: the solar water-heating system was been monitored for a whole year to analyze collector performance in an actual operation process. Heat-collecting efficiency, heating capacity, power consumption, and heat required were analyzed theoretically. Results showed that solar irradiance and ambient temperature were positively correlated with heat collection efficiency, and the daily average heat collection efficiency was up to 56.63%. In winter, the auxiliary heat source consumed the most power, almost all of which bears the heat of users. The heat collection in summer met the demand for hot water, and the guarantee rate of solar energy could reach 100%. The energy saving properties and CO2 emission reduction were analyzed. This system had a significant effect on the energy-saving effect and environmental protection. The analysis showed that the hot-water system can fully meet the design requirements under the condition of relatively sufficient solar energy, and can operate stably, which has a certain guiding significance for the design and application of large-scale solar hot-water systems.

scholarly journals Research and Analysis of Combined Operational Mode of Solar Energy Hot Water Heating System and Sewage Source Heat Pump Units

2015 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 1544-1555
Author(s):  
Mingzhi Jiang ◽  
Guohui Feng ◽  
Kailiang Huang ◽  
Shibo Liu ◽  
Dong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Sewage Source

Hybrid Solar Lighting May Have Another Utility: Solar Water Heating

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Zemke ◽  
Byard D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Lighting ◽  
Solar Water Heating System

Hybrid solar lighting (HSL) has been successfully demonstrated as a means of collecting sunlight and transferring it through optical fibers into a building. The collected solar energy is primarily intended for illumination purposes. However, this technology may have an application in solar water heating. For a traditional solar water heating system, energy is required to pump the water to the roof and collected solar energy is lost to the environment through the collector and plumbing. If such a system is to be used in climates where the temperature falls below freezing, complexity is added resulting in lower system efficiencies. If, rather than pumping water to the roof to absorb solar energy, the solar radiation is “piped” into the hot water store, a solar water heating system may be much less complex and potentially more efficient. HSL technology can be used to collect solar radiation and transport it through optical fibers into a hot water store. Since the water remains in the tank, it is not exposed to freezing temperatures and heat loss through plumbing. The efficiency of the system would not be dependent on the outside temperature or the temperature of the water as traditional systems are, but solely on the efficiency in which solar radiation is transferred into the water. This paper will outline the major advantages of using HSL technology for solar water heating over traditional systems. The approximate efficiencies of a flat-plate collector, 2-axis solar tracking collector, and a system using HSL technology are compared using F-Chart for locations in the Southwestern and Northeastern United States. It is shown that improvements in efficiency are obtained using HSL technology if the system is capable of collecting and transferring the visible and infrared spectrum of solar radiation.

scholarly journals Thermal and Environmental Analysis Solar Water Heater System for Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Reza Alayi ◽  
Nima Khalilpoor ◽  
Saeid Heshmati ◽  
Atabak Najafi ◽  
Alibek Issakhov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

Due to the reduction of fossil resources, the replacement of renewable energy sources such as solar energy has become mandatory. Solar energy does not contain pollution and widely available in all parts of the world, especially in warm regions. Our country (IRAN) is geographically located in a hot and dry region, and with more than 280 sunny days per year, one of the nonpower applications of solar energy is heating space and water consumption of the building using solar thermal energy. Solar water heaters can be used to heat the water used in buildings, which is the main purpose of this study. Water heating consumes an average of 20% to 30% of the total energy consumption in the residential building. Therefore, using solar water heaters annually can provide 70% of the energy needed for water heating. The system designed in this research is able to provide 75% of the hot water consumption needs. If an auxiliary heat source is used next to this system, all hot water needs of the building can be met throughout the year. In this case, as much as 237.3 kWh, energy will be saved from fossil energy sources.

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