scholarly journals Assessment of environmental control technologies for Koppers-Totzek, Winkler, and Texaco coal gasification systems

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.K. Mudge ◽  
L.J. Jr. Sealock
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Control Technologies

Optimizing Compliance Cost for Coal-Fired Electric Generating Facilities in a Multipollutant Control Environment

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Staudt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Compliance Cost ◽  
Market Pricing ◽  
Derivative Instruments ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Plant Capacity

Higher natural gas prices have increased the importance of coal-fired generation at a time when environmental uncertainty is raising the risks of operating coal-fired units. The likely need for increased investment in environmental control technologies comes at a time when many electricity generators are under great financial stress. This combination of forces makes a structured and comprehensive approach to assessing compliance strategies essential to managing generating assets. The approach needs to incorporate the high degree of uncertainty that can be otherwise buried in key assumptions, such as regulatory requirements, market pricing of allowances, plant capacity factor, wholesale electric prices, etc. The approach should also facilitate testing of assumptions under a range of scenarios to allow for flexibility in possible compliance strategies. In this paper an approach for evaluating compliance risks and quantifying the potential costs under various scenarios will be described. The approach integrates market-based compliance mechanisms with capital improvements in control technology while providing methods to address the uncertainty of key assumptions. The approach facilitates optimizing the balance between market-based and technology-based compliance approaches so that the environmental compliance risk profile can be tailored to the specific situation. A unique feature of this approach is that it incorporates the effects of the market risk associated with emissions markets along with market derivative instruments designed to manage risk, while also incorporating comprehensive technology analysis so that costs and risks can be well quantified under any regulatory scenario. The approach lends itself to active scenario review to facilitate flexibility in decision making while avoiding premature commitments.

scholarly journals Flavonoid Productivity Optimized for Green and Red Forms of Perilla frutescens via Environmental Control Technologies in Plant Factory

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Lu ◽  
Michiko Takagaki ◽  
Wataru Yamori ◽  
Natsuko Kagawa
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Perilla Frutescens ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Environmental Treatment ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Control Technologies

Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae) is a dietary staple in Asia. It is an abundant source of flavonoids that are bioactively beneficial to human health and fitness. The current popularity of plant-based consumption is being driven by the healthful benefits of bioactive nutrition, and the concentration of bioactive agents found in raw plant materials is an important factor in the assessment of food quality. To test the feasibility of promoting flavonoid productivity in perilla plants via environmental treatment, plant factory technology was applied to perilla plant cultivation. Apigenin (AG) and luteolin (LT) are two of the most potent anticarcinogenic flavonoids in perilla, and these are also found in many vegetables and fruits. Quantitative analysis of AG and LT was conducted on plants cultivated under nine environmental forms of treatment imposed by three levels of light intensity (100, 200, and 300 µmol·m−2·s−1) combined with three levels of nutrient-solution concentration (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 dS·m−1) for hydroculture. The contents of AG in green and red perilla plant were increased by high nutrient-solution levels under the same light intensity. In green perilla, the highest concentration of AG (8.50 µg·g−1) was obtained under treatment of the highest level of nutrient-solution (3.0 dS·m−1) and 200 µmol·m−2·s−1 of light intensity, whereas in red perilla, the highest concentration of AG (6.38 µg·g−1) was achieved from the highest levels of both of these forms of treatment (300 µmol·m−2·s−1 and 3.0 dS·m−1). The increase in AG content per plant between the lowest and the highest levels was recorded by 6.4-fold and 8.6-fold in green and red perilla, respectively. The behavior of LT concentration differed between green and red forms of perilla. LT concentration in red perilla was enhanced under nutrient deficiency (1.0 dS·m−1) and affected by light intensity. Different responses were observed in the accumulations of AG and LT in red and green perilla during treatments, and this phenomenon was discussed in terms of biosynthetic pathways that involve the expressions of phenylpropanoids and anthocyanins. The total yield of flavonoids (AG and LT) was improved with the optimization of those forms of treatment, with the best total yields: 33.9 mg·plant−1 in green Perilla; 10.0 mg·plant−1 in red perilla, and a 4.9-fold and a 5.4-fold increase was recorded in green and red perilla, respectively. This study revealed that flavone biosynthesis and accumulation in perilla plants could be optimized via environmental control technologies, and this approach could be applicable to leafy vegetables with bioactive nutrition to produce a stable industrial supply of high flavonoid content.

Electricity From Coal: The British Gas/Lurgi Gasification for Combined Cycle Power Generation

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut E. Vierrath ◽  
Peter K. Herbert ◽  
Claus F. Greil ◽  
Brian H. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Heat System ◽  
Coal Power Plants

It is widely accepted that coal gasification combined-cycle plants represent an environmentally superior alternative to conventional coal fired power plants with flue gas desulfurization. Purpose of this paper is to show that technology is available for all steps required to convert coal to electricity, including treatment of waste streams. Based on examples for power plants in the 200–800 MW range using current and as well as advanced gas turbines, it is shown that under both European and US-conditions cost of electricity from this (new) route of coal based power generation is certainly no higher — and probably even lower — than from conventional PC (pulverized coal) power plants equipped with equivalent environmental control technology. Thus, this technology is likely to be a prime contributor when it comes to enhance environmental acceptability of power plants in general, and to help solve the acid rain problem in particular. In addition the versatility of the proposed technology for repowering, decentralized application and district heat system is explained.

scholarly journals Coal-Based Power Plant System Configurations for the 21st Century

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Rao ◽  
G. S. Samuelsen ◽  
F. L. Robson ◽  
R. A. Geisbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Advanced Cycles

Under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy/National Energy Technology Laboratory, a multi-disciplinary team led by the Advanced Power and Energy Program of the University of California at Irvine is defining the system engineering issues associated with the integration of key components and subsystems into power plant systems that meet performance and emission goals of the Vision 21 program. Earlier tasks of the program have narrowed down the myriad of fuel processing, power generation, and emission control technologies to selected scenarios that identify those combinations having the potential to achieve the Vision 21 program goals of high efficiency and minimized environmental impact while using fossil fuels. These analyses have been extended to consider coal gasification processes combined with the advanced power cycles previously identified. The technology levels considered are based on projected technical and manufacturing advances being made in industry and on advances identified in current and future government supported research. Examples of systems included in these advanced cycles are solid oxide fuel cells, advanced cycle gas turbines, membrane separation of gases and oxygen-enhanced combustion.

scholarly journals A Review of Ventilation and Environmental Control of Underground Spaces

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Huangcheng Yao ◽  
Faming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
First Century ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Air Defense ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Resistance Reduction ◽  
Natural Energy ◽  
Control Technologies

Because of rapid urbanization, traffic problems, and other factors, underground spaces have been used more in the twenty-first century. Large underground spaces are required for underground city, metro, tunnel, mine, industrial and agricultural engineering, and civil air defense engineering. Underground spaces with varying thermal, ventilation, and lighting environments can face problems of comfort, health, and safety. High temperatures, high humidity, difficulty in flue gas emission, harmful microorganisms, radon, and physical and psychological problems are examples of issues. Air quality control technologies for underground spaces, such as ventilation, dehumidification, natural energy utilization, smoke extraction, and ventilation resistance reduction, are discussed. Ventilation for smoke-proofing/evacuation is also extensively addressed.

scholarly journals Power Generation Through Coal Gasification: An Overview of DOE-Funded Projects

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Halow
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Trace Species ◽  
Power Generation Equipment ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

The U.S. Department of Energy is currently sponsoring a variety of projects aimed at developing advanced systems for power generation using coal gasification as the central conversion process. These systems include both gas turbines and fuel cells as power generating devices and emphasize hot gas cleanup for equipment protection and environmental control from coal contaminants. Gasification projects in the DOE program cover a range of scales from laboratory investigations to PDU scale plants. Fundamental studies of gasification reactions, ash chemistry, transport processes, and modeling are being conducted to uncover potential improvements that may be made to gasification processes and to ways of reducing cleanup burdens on downstream equipment. Several PDU scale projects are being sponsored to further promising processes. Gas stream cleanup emphasize hot control of particulates, sulfur, alkali, and trace species which may damage power generation equipment. A systems approach has been adopted in formulating strategies for these programs. This approach and brief description of projects in gasification and cleanup will be presented.

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