scholarly journals Competitive enzyme immunoassay for detecting low molecular weight toxic compounds: developmental studies, October 1, 1977--September 30, 1978. [2-aminobenzimidazol; sulfamethazine; gentamicin; flatoxin]

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mills ◽  
M Bartlett ◽  
G Seawright ◽  
U Hollstein ◽  
G Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Toxic Compounds

Inhibitors of Cholinesterases in Pharmacology: the Current Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1532-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Inhibitors of cholinesterases are a wide group of low molecular weight compounds with a significant role in the current pharmacology. Besides the pharmacological importance, they are also known as toxic compounds like military nerve agents. In the pharmacology, drugs for Alzheimer disease, myasthenia gravis and prophylaxis of poisoning by nerve agents can be mentioned as the relevant applications. Besides this, anti-inflammation and antiphrastic drugs are other pharmacological applications of these inhibitors. This review is focused on a survey of cholinesterase inhibitors with known or expected pharmacological impact and indications of their use. Recent literature with comments is provided here as well.

A study of high-, middle- and low-molecular weight adiponectin in urine as a surrogate marker for early diabetic nephropathy using ultrasensitive immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Yamamoto ◽  
Yuki Fujimoto ◽  
Shino Hayashi ◽  
Seiichi Hashida
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Immune Complex ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate

Background For the early identification of patients at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy, we have developed an ultrasensitive immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay to measure adiponectin in urine. Methods We developed immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for adiponectin and measured urinary adiponectin from 70 healthy subjects, 35 obese non-diabetic subjects and 20 patients with diabetes. Results The urinary adiponectin concentrations in patients with diabetes (3.3 ± 10.7 ng/mg creatinine) were significantly higher than those in obese subjects (0.54 ± 0.44; P < 0.01) and healthy subjects (0.46 ± 0.42; P < 0.001). The gel filtration elution profile of urine from healthy subjects showed traces of four immunoreactive peaks (high-, medium-, low-molecular weight and monomer molecules), despite the majority of blood adiponectin being high-molecular weight. However, urinary adiponectin molecules were more frequent in low-molecular weight as the estimate glomerular filtration rate decreased. Furthermore, as blood glucose concentrations rose, middle-molecular weight and high-molecular weight increased in urine. Further, urinary adiponectin concentrations correlated with estimate glomerular filtration rate ( r = −0.61, P < 0.001), but not urinary albumin. In addition, our analysis showed a significantly ( P < 0.001) higher value for urinary adiponectin in the G2 stage of chronic kidney disease classification where urinary albumin is not elevated. Conclusion Adiponectin increases in urine as renal function decreases, and urinary adiponectin may be useful as a surrogate marker for diabetic nephropathy risk.

scholarly journals A determination method of human plasma high and low molecular weight kininogens using enzyme immunoassay of bradykinin

1983 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Uchida ◽  
Yoshiteru Harada ◽  
Makoto Katori ◽  
Noriyuki Sunahara ◽  
Ken-ichi Nogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Determination Method

A high-performance oil-free backing pump for electron microscopes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
G.K.W. Balkau ◽  
E. Bez ◽  
J.L. Farrant
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Rotary Pumps ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The earliest account of the contamination of electron microscope specimens by the deposition of carbonaceous material during electron irradiation was published in 1947 by Watson who was then working in Canada. It was soon established that this carbonaceous material is formed from organic vapours, and it is now recognized that the principal source is the oil-sealed rotary pumps which provide the backing vacuum. It has been shown that the organic vapours consist of low molecular weight fragments of oil molecules which have been degraded at hot spots produced by friction between the vanes and the surfaces on which they slide. As satisfactory oil-free pumps are unavailable, it is standard electron microscope practice to reduce the partial pressure of organic vapours in the microscope in the vicinity of the specimen by using liquid-nitrogen cooled anti-contamination devices. Traps of this type are sufficient to reduce the contamination rate to about 0.1 Å per min, which is tolerable for many investigations.

Low-molecular-weight heparin in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R Hermes De Santis ◽  
Betsy S Laumeister ◽  
Vidhu Bansal ◽  
Vandana Kataria ◽  
Preeti Loomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Venous thromboembolism in a general hospital. An update with low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis

VASA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Schulz ◽  
Kesselring ◽  
Seeberger ◽  
Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Vte Prophylaxis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Event Rates

Background: Patients admitted to hospital for surgery or acute medical illnesses have a high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Today’s widespread use of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) for VTE prophylaxis is supposed to have reduced VTE rates substantially. However, data concerning the overall effectiveness of LMWH prophylaxis is sparse. Patients and methods: We prospectively studied all patients with symptomatic and objectively confirmed VTE seen in our hospital over a three year period. Event rates in different wards were analysed and compared. VTE prophylaxis with Enoxaparin was given to all patients at risk during their hospital stay. Results: A total of 50 464 inpatients were treated during the study period. 461 examinations were carried out for symptoms suggestive of VTE and yielded 89 positive results in 85 patients. Seventy eight patients were found to have deep vein thrombosis, 7 had pulmonary embolism, and 4 had both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The overall in hospital VTE event rate was 0.17%. The rate decreased during the study period from 0.22 in year one to 0,16 in year two and 0.13 % in year three. It ranged highest in neurologic and trauma patients (0.32%) and lowest (0.08%) in gynecology-obstetrics. Conclusions: With a simple and strictly applied regimen of prophylaxis with LMWH the overall rate of symptomatic VTE was very low in our hospitalized patients. Beside LMWH prophylaxis, shortening hospital stays and substantial improvements in surgical and anasthesia techniques achieved during the last decades probably play an essential role in decreasing VTE rates.

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