scholarly journals Screening Analysis for EPACT-Covered Commercial HVAC and Water-Heating Equipment

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Somasundaram ◽  
Peter R Armstrong ◽  
David B Belzer ◽  
Suzanne C Gaines ◽  
Donald L Hadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Screening Analysis

scholarly journals Screening Analysis for EPACT-Covered Commercial HVAC and Water-Heating Equipment

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Somasundaram ◽  
D. W. Winiarski ◽  
D. B. Belzer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Screening Analysis ◽  
Service Water

Abstract The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), establishes that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) regulate efficiency levels of certain commercial heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) and service water-heating (SWH) equipment categories. Initial minimum efficiency levels for products falling under these categories were established in EPACT, based on the requirements in ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989. EPCA requirements state that, if the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) amends efficiency levels prescribed in Standard 90.1-1989, then DOE must establish an amended uniform national manufacturing standard at the minimum level specified in amended Standard 90.1. On October 29, 1999, ASHRAE approved the amended Standard 90.1 (Standard 90.1-1999), which increases the minimum efficiency levels for some of the commercial HVAC and SWH equipment covered by EPCA 92. DOE asked Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)2 to conduct a screening analysis to determine the energy-savings potential of the efficiency levels listed in Standard 90.1-1999. The analysis estimated the annual national energy savings and carbon emissions reductions that would result if the EPACT-covered products were required to meet these efficiency levels, and additional energy-savings potential for these products if they exceeded these levels. From 2004 through 2030, the estimated national energy savings achieved by adopting Standard 90.1-1999 efficiency levels for spacecooling equipment is about 3 quadrillion Btu (quads3). The energy savings potential for space-heating equipment is about 0.5 quad and for water-heating equipment is about 0.06 quad. The cumulative commercial-sector building energy consumption during the same time period is estimated to be 485 quads. The total carbon emissions reduction is about 52 millions of metric tons (MMtons).

scholarly journals Screening analysis for EPACT-covered commercial HVAC and water-heating equipment

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Somasundaram ◽  
PR Armstrong ◽  
DB Belzer ◽  
SC Gaines ◽  
DL Hadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Screening Analysis

scholarly journals Screening Analysis for EPACT-Covered Commercial HVAC and Water-Heating Equipment

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Somasundaram ◽  
Peter R. Armstrong ◽  
David B. Belzer ◽  
Suzanne C. Gaines ◽  
Donald L. Hadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Screening Analysis

scholarly journals Screening Analysis for EPACT-Covered Commercial HVAC and Water-Heating Equipment

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Somasundaram ◽  
David W. Winiarski ◽  
David B. Belzer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Screening Analysis ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction

PNNL, under direction from DOE, conducted a screening analysis to determine the energy savings potential from the efficiency levels for commercial HVAC and water-heating equipment listed in Standard 90.1-1999, as well as the potential from several higher efficiency levels. We estimated the annual energy consumption for each type of equipment, at various efficiency levels, through engineering simulations for seven building types in 11 U.S. locations. We also conducted an economic analysis to identify the efficiency levels that would provide the highest value of economic benefits. From 2004 through 2030, the estimated national energy savings for the equipment meeting the Standard 90.1-1999 efficiency levels is about 3.8 exajoules (EJ) (3.6 quads).1 The total estimated carbon emissions reduction is 52 MMtons.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Common Input Parameters in Tools for Modeling Energy in Homes

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Tijan Tabban ◽  
Nelson Fumo
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Common Input ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Input Parameters

Energy models of buildings can be developed and used for analysis of energy consumption. A model offers the opportunity to simulate a building under specific conditions for analysis of energy efficiency measures or optimum design. Due to the great amount of information needed to develop an energy model of a building, the number of inputs can be reduced by making variable the most relevant input parameters and making the others to take common or standard values. In this study, an analysis of input parameters required by computational tools to estimate energy consumption in homes was done in two stages. In the first stage, common input parameters were identified for three software and three webtools based on the criteria that the input parameter should be common for at least two software and at least one webtool. In the second stage, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the inputs identified in the first stage. The software BEopt, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, was used as the source of typical input parameters to be compared, and to perform the simulations for the sensitivity analysis. The base or reference model to perform simulations for the sensitivity analysis corresponds to a model developed with information from a research house located on the campus of the University of Texas at Tyler and default inputs for the BEopt B-10 reference benchmark. Results show that besides the location, and consequently the weather, common parameters are building orientation, air leakage, space conditioning settings, space conditioning schedule, water heating equipment, and terrain. Among these parameters, the sensitivity analysis identified the largest variations in energy consumption for variations on space conditioning schedule (heating and cooling setpoints), followed by the type of water heating equipment. KEYWORDS: Residential Buildings; Energy Consumption; Energy Analysis; Input Parameters; Building Simulation; Source Energy

RESEARCH OPERATIONAL SAFETY OF PROCESS EQUIPMENT AT LOSS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Vitalii Zoshchuk ◽  
Alla Orlova ◽  
Sergey Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Operational Safety ◽  
Artesian Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The article describes the process of operation of water heating equipment, associated with water, which requires compliance with certain water regime. It is focused on the consequences and their elimination when using water heating equipment, and safe operation. The results of physical and chemical analyses of artesian water have been ordered.

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