Estimate of Hyperconjugation Strength in Alkylaromatics and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Derived from Refractometric Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 2598-2613
Author(s):  
Boris A. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Resonance Effects ◽  
Alkyl Derivatives ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Qualitative Measure ◽  
Steric Inhibition Of Resonance

: A retrospective view of exaltation of refraction observed for many unsaturated and aromatic compounds demonstrates that this physical phenomenon is undeservedly considered only as a qualitative measure of conjugation. This mini-review discusses numerous papers by the author that have been published earlier in inaccessible periodicals and collections of scientific papers. Using a great number of illustrations, the author shows that this parameter can be successfully used for quantitative estimate of resonance effects in organic and polymer chemistry. The methods for derivation of strictly additive atomic and group refraction constants are described; these constants were subsequently used as a tool that allowed quantitative estimation of resonance effects in mono-, di-, tri- and polyalkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, some alkyl derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons. These effects cause strictly fixed increase in refraction of carbon atoms in different structural modifications (graphene, fullerene, diamond) and in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The relevant results regarding quantitative estimation of degree of steric inhibition of resonance in sterically hindered ortho-dialkylbenzenes, 1,2,3- trialkyl-, 1,2,3,4-tetraalkyl-, and 1,2,3,4,5-polyalkylbenzenes accumulated by the author are summarized.

Quantitative Estimate of the Resonance Effects in some Unsaturated, Monocyclic, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons Based on the Renewed Optical Exaltations

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris A. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Molar Refraction ◽  
Electron Interaction ◽  
Resonance Effects ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Constitutive Components ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Linear Correlations

: The present review discusses a new viewpoint on refractometry as the oldest experimental physical method, whose scientific potential in the estimation of structural effects in organic chemistry has been missed so far. The author demonstrates that upon certain adjustment and redesign of refractometry, this potential can be tapped and successfully used to determine a type of Π-electron interaction, delocalization degree of Π-electrons in organic compounds, and to perform quantitative estimates of resonance effects in unsaturated, (polycyclic) aromatic, and other polyconjugated systems (e.g., fullerenes). The method for accurate separation of molar refraction into additive and constitutive components was suggested; the method is based on the specially developed additive scheme. It was revealed that the negative deviations from additivity for cycloalkanes depend linearly on the number of carbon atoms in the ring. Excellent linear correlations between renewed optical exaltations, the number of Π-electrons in a conjugated system, and experimentally found resonance energy (determined from hydrogenation heat values) were demonstrated. Angular coefficients of the correlation series (ρ-constants) are considered as a criterion of classification, which characterizes the degree of mobility of Π-electrons in the conjugated system of a given type. It is emphasized that the development of methods for precise measurement of the constitutive components of molar refraction may become a useful additional source of information about resonance and other effects in organic and polymer chemistry.

Analysis of Acetone Extract From Shenfu by GC/MS and FTIR

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1285-1288
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Ouyang ◽  
Shi Bao Dong ◽  
Li Ming Hu ◽  
Zhi Min Zong
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatics ◽  
Alkyl Derivatives ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Acetone Extracts

The acetone extracts from Shenfu coal (SFC) of China was filtered into filtrate and cake, and analyzed by GC/MS and FTIR respectively. The results indicate that: The GC/MS identifiable fraction mainly consists of polycyclic aromatics with 2-4 rings and their alkyl derivatives as main components, and polar oxygen compounds with ketones and esters as main components. A variety of nitrogen compounds and several compounds containing phosphor, sulfur, and chlorine were identified. IR spectrum shows that functional groups including hydroxyl, carbonyl, polycyclic aromatic ring, methylene, methyl, etc. are among the main groups of GC/MS unidentified fraction.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mycoremediation Potential of Fusarium Spp. On Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Western India

2021 ◽  
pp. 509-515
Author(s):  
Ms. Sonam Gupta ◽  
Ms. Sera Fernandes ◽  
Ms. Hajra Gupta ◽  
Dr. Sejal Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Western India ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Base Oils ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Motor or engine oil is a lubricant for engines containing majorly of base oils; these base oils include petrol-based hydrocarbons. Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination is one of the major environmental problems resulting from its large scale uses in transportation, industrial and other sectors. Accidental release and workshop seepage of petroleum products are the key concern of the environment. Fresh engine oil contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Used engine oil also leads to further generation of PAHs. As an attempt to clean up such hydrocarbons, bioremediation or biodegradation methods are adapted. Bioremediation is a cost effective and eco-friendly treatment for oil contaminated materials by the use of micro-organisms. The present study is an attempt to isolate and find out hydrocarbon degrading fungi from oil and petroleum contaminated regions. Biodegradation potential of soil mycobiota isolated from automobile mechanic workshop in Virar on engine oil was investigated using standard methods. The most capable oil degrading fungi was identified morphologically by wet mount technique as Fusarium sp. The biodegradation of hydrocarbons and oil was determined by using 2,6 Dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) assay and gravimetric analysis. The quantitative estimation of engine oil degradation showed rate of degradation as 87% and 89%. This study confirms that isolated Fusarium sp. has the potential exploited in the bio-treatment and removal of hydrocarbons from the polluted soil. Results were recorded in the form of biodegradation percentage of hydrocarbon. The present study and their results can give unique future prospects in the field of bioremediation and biodegradation of petroleum contaminated soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document