Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on the Activities and Protein Levels of Cholinesterases in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Alzheimer's disease: A Review of Recent Clinical Studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 999 (999) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Taher Darreh-Shori
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Levels

BACE1 and Other Alzheimer’s-Related Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Distinguish Alzheimer’s Disease Patients from Cognitively-Impaired Neurosyphilis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xiaomei Zhong ◽  
Haishan Shi ◽  
Eugeen Vanmechelen ◽  
Ann De Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Early Biomarker ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Patients with spirochetal infection, which causes neurosyphilis (NS) and at a later stage general paresis of the insane (GPI), present with brain pathology features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the relationships among these illnesses regarding biomarker levels are still unclear. Objective: To explore biomarker levels in NS and GPI compared with those in AD and the relationship between biomarker levels and cognitive function in NS and GPI. Methods: Levels of neurogranin (NGRN) and β-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma, together with amyloid-β 1–40 (Aβ40), Aβ42, and total tau in the CSF of 23 AD patients, 55 GPI patients, and 13 NS patients were measured. Patients were classified into none-to-mild, moderate, and severe stages of cognitive impairment. Results: Levels of CSF NGRN, BACE1, and tau as well as plasma BACE1 levels were significantly different among groups. In the none-to-mild stage, plasma BACE1 levels correlated with the protein levels in CSF and were significantly increased in AD patients versus GPI patients. The CSF tau levels in AD patients were significantly increased versus GPI patients in the moderate and severe stages. Pooling data from GPI and NS patients, both CSF tau and plasma NGRN levels correlated with cognitive scale scores. Conclusion: GPI and NS patients might have different biomarker level patterns compared to AD patients. While plasma BACE1 could be a promising early biomarker for distinguishing AD from GPI, CSF tau and plasma NGRN levels might be valuable in indications of cognitive function in pooled NS populations.

scholarly journals Regional brain volumes relate to Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and neuropsychometry: A cross-sectional, observational study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254332
Author(s):  
Mark R. Libowitz ◽  
Ke Wei ◽  
Thao Tran ◽  
Karen Chu ◽  
Kristina Moncrieffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
Hippocampus Volume

We hypothesized that automated assessment of brain volumes on MRI can predict presence of cerebrospinal fluid abnormal ß-amyloid42 and Tau protein levels and thus serve as a useful screening test for possible Alzheimer’s disease. 113 participants ranging from cognitively healthy to Alzheimer’s disease underwent MRI exams to obtain measurements of hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, precuneus, parietal cortex, and occipital lobe volumes. A non-exclusive subset (n = 107) consented to lumbar punctures to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for ß-amyloid42 and Tau protein assessment including cognitively health (n = 75), mild cognitively impaired (n = 22), and Alzheimer’s disease (n = 10). After adjustment for false discovery rate, ß-amyloid42 was significantly associated with volumes in the hippocampus (p = 0.043), prefrontal cortex (p = 0.010), precuneus (p = 0.024), and the posterior cingulate (p = 0.002). No association between Tau levels and regional brain volume survived multiple test correction. Secondary analysis was performed to determine associations between MRI brain volumes and CSF protein levels to neuropsychological impairment. A non-exclusive subset (n = 96) including cognitively healthy (n = 72), mild cognitively impaired (n = 21), and Alzheimer’s disease (n = 3) participants underwent Stroop Interference and Boston Naming neuropsychological testing. A higher score on the Boston Naming Test was optimally predicted in a selective regression model by greater hippocampus volume (p = 0.002), a higher ratio of ß-amyloid42 to Tau protein levels (p < 0.001), greater posterior cingulate volume (p = 0.0193), age (p = 0.0271), and a higher education level (p = 0.002). A better performance on the Stroop Interference Test was optimally predicted by greater hippocampus volume (p = 0.0003) and a higher education level (p < 0.001). Lastly, impaired cognitive status (mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease) was optimally predicted in a selective regression model by a worse performance on the Stroop Interference Test (p < 0.001), a worse performance on the Boston Naming Test (p < 0.001), along with lower prefrontal cortex volume (p = 0.002) and lower hippocampus volume (p = 0.007).

Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer’s Disease: Evaluation of Clinical Studies

1991 ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Winblad ◽  
Abdu Adem ◽  
Lars Backman ◽  
Agneta Nordberg ◽  
Fredrik Elinder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Dependence of cerebrospinal fluid Tau protein levels on apolipoprotein E4 allele frequency in patients with Alzheimer's disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidonie Golombowski ◽  
Franz Müller-Spahn ◽  
Helmut Romig ◽  
Klaus Mendla ◽  
Christoph Hock
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4 ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
E4 Allele

scholarly journals Assessment of cerebral microbleeds by susceptibility-weighted imaging in Alzheimer’s disease patients: A neuroimaging biomarker of the disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianvincenzo Sparacia ◽  
Francesco Agnello ◽  
Giuseppe La Tona ◽  
Alberto Iaia ◽  
Federico Midiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau 181

Purpose The objective of this study was to correlate the presence and distribution of cerebral microbleeds in Alzheimer’s disease patients with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau 181 protein levels) and cognitive decline by using susceptibility-weighted imaging magnetic resonance sequences at 1.5 T. Material and methods Fifty-four consecutive Alzheimer’s disease patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T to assess the presence and distribution of cerebral microbleeds on susceptibility-weighted imaging images. The images were analyzed in consensus by two neuroradiologists, each with at least 10 years’ experience. Dementia severity was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination score. A multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between the number and location of cerebral microbleed lesions with the age, sex, duration of the disease, cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau 181 protein levels, and cognitive functions. Results A total of 296 microbleeds were observed in 54 patients; 38 patients (70.4%) had lobar distribution, 13 patients (24.1%) had non-lobar distribution, and the remaining three patients (5.6%) had mixed distribution, demonstrating that Alzheimer’s disease patients present mainly a lobar distribution of cerebral microbleeds. The age and the duration of the disease were correlated with the number of lobar cerebral microbleeds ( P < 0.001). Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta, phosphorylated tau 181 protein levels, and cognitive decline were correlated with the number of lobar cerebral microbleeds in Alzheimer’s disease patients ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Lobar distribution of cerebral microbleeds is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and the number of lobar cerebral microbleeds directly correlates with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau 181 protein levels and with the cognitive decline of Alzheimer’s disease patients.

Amyloid ? protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid are elevated in early-onset Alzheimer's disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamiko Nakamura ◽  
Mikio Shoji ◽  
Yasuo Harigaya ◽  
Mitsunori Watanabe ◽  
Kenji Hosoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Amyloid Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease
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