Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior in Avoiding Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure at Home among Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Bayrami ◽  
Samira Ebrahimi ◽  
Javad Rasouli ◽  
Haydeh Feizipour
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
At Home

Background: There is a paucity of research on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the harms of exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) among pregnant women. Objective: This study, therefore, aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and avoidance behavior towards ETS exposure at home among Iranian pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 150 non-smoking pregnant women having husbands who smoked in Urmia, Iran. The participants were selected through a multi-stage process. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that measured demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and behaviors in avoiding ETS. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, t-test, and ANOVA by SPSS-16 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The majority of participants (54.7%) had sufficient knowledge about ETS. The women's attitude and efforts to prevent ETS exposure were moderate in 50% and 60% of the cases, respectively. The participants’ knowledge was significantly associated with their level of education, employment status, and family income (P<0.05). Knowledge had a significant and positive relationship with attitude (P=0.001, r=0.280) and efforts to prevent ETS exposure (P<0.001, r=0.403). Conclusion: Knowledge about ETS was significantly correlated with attitude and avoidance behavior of ETS exposure. Therefore, pregnancy care providers should implement interventional programs to improve the attitude and practice of pregnant women. Public health initiatives are also needed to empower women and encourage them to reduce ETS exposure.

scholarly journals Discrepancy between Self-Reported and Urine Cotinine-Verified Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Rural Pregnant Women in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xiao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiaoxiao Song ◽  
Qinghua Xu ◽  
Siwei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Family

Prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the most modifiable risk factor associated with adverse child-health outcomes. However, few longitudinal studies are implemented to compare the rates of discrepancy between self-reported (SR) and urinary cotinine (UC)-verified ETS exposure during the three trimesters of pregnancy, especially in rural areas. The objectives of this study were to assess the discrepancy between SR and UC-verified ETS exposure among rural women employing three measures throughout pregnancy, and to explore predictors related to these differences. This study used a prospective prenatal cohort consisting of 420 pregnant women whose ETS exposure was entirely evaluated by both SR and UC verification across three trimesters of pregnancy. Environmental tobacco exposure was assessed via SR verification, and was validated using the limit of detection for UC. The discrepancy rates were determined for each trimester. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the predictors associated with these differences. The discrepancy rates between SR and UC verification were 25.2%, 17.1%, and 20.5% (first, second, and third trimester, respectively). The highest inconsistency occurred in the first trimester. After adjusting for confounding factors, the following variables were found to have statistically significant associations with the discrepancy rate between SR and UC-verified ETS exposure: the number of smokers in the family and household income for all three trimesters, township site for the second and third trimester, and gravidity for the last trimester. The SR rate of ETS exposure among rural pregnant women is underreported, while the UC-verified rate is higher. More smokers in the family and gravidity may increase the risk of ETS exposure for pregnant women. Biochemical validation is warranted throughout pregnancy for the adoption of home-smoking bans and the promotion of community-based smoke-free programs.

scholarly journals Further Insights on Predictors of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during the Pediatric Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Protano ◽  
Vittoria Cammalleri ◽  
Arianna Antonucci ◽  
Alexandra Sabina Ungureanu ◽  
Francesa Santilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
At Home

Background: The smoking ban in public places has reduced Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure for non-smokers, but despite this, domestic environments still remain places at high risk of exposure, and, today, about 40% of children worldwide are exposed to ETS at home. The aims of the study are to investigate the contribution of several factors on ETS exposure among a group of Italian children and to evaluate the changes in smoking precautions adopted at home when the smoker is the mother, the father, or both parents, respectively. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 519 Italian schoolchildren. Information was collected via a questionnaire. Results: 41.4% of the participants lived with at least one smoker. Almost half of the children exposed to ETS lived with one or more smokers who do not observe any home smoking ban. Lower maternal or paternal educational levels significantly increase the risk of ETS exposure at home and the “worst case” is represented by both parents who smoke. Conclusions: More effective preventive interventions are needed to protect children from ETS exposure. Some interventions should be specifically dedicated to smokers with a low educational level and to mothers that smoke.

scholarly journals The importance of socioeconomic position in smoking, cessation and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Madureira ◽  
Alexandra Camelo ◽  
Ana Inês Silva ◽  
Ana Teresa Reis ◽  
Filipa Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy

Abstract Tobacco is still a leading cause of premature death and morbidity. Particular attention has been given to pregnant women due to the scientific evidence on the importance of early life exposures for disease onset later in life. The purpose of this study was to assess smoking prevalence, smoking cessation rate and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, and the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) on these behaviors among pregnant women. Cross-sectional data of 619 pregnant women, aged between 18 and 46 years, from Porto Metropolitan Area, Portugal, on current smoking, ETS exposure and SEP indicators was collected, face-to-face, using a questionnaire filled in during a personal interview at the postpartum hospital stay. The smoking prevalence, and ETS exposure among non-smokers before pregnancy was 27.6% and 57.4%, respectively. 4.1% of the participants reported to have stopped smoking before pregnancy, whereas about 41% quitted along pregnancy, resulting in a smoking prevalence at birth of 14.6%. Exposure to ETS also decreased throughout pregnancy to 49.8% at birth. Lower educational level was significantly associated with both higher smoking prevalence and exposure to ETS and lower smoking cessation. This study demonstrates that smoking and ETS exposure during pregnancy remains high, and that there are still significant socioeconomic inequalities in smoking; thus tobacco-focused preventive interventions need to be reinforced.

scholarly journals Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Tobacco Use, Smoking Cessation, and Children's Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Dai ◽  
Chun Ting Au ◽  
Michael Ho Ming Chan ◽  
Richard Kin Ting Kam ◽  
Albert Martin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children ranks one of the major public health problems in our time. Poor parental knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on ETS often contribute to worse exposure of the kids. Thus, we aimed to document parental KAP regarding tobacco use, smoking cessation and children's ETS exposure, and to analyse how knowledge and attitude relate to practice.Methods: Self-administered KAP questionnaires were distributed to smoking parents recruited from the pediatric unit at the Prince of Wales Hospital, which provides pediatric service to a population of 1.2 million in Hong Kong. The 60-item questionnaire had a range of 0–38 for knowledge, 0–44 for attitude, and 0–40 for practice. Descriptive analyses were performed for KAP response, regression analyses were performed for the exploration of associations and identification of predictive indicators.Results: 145 smoking parents (mean age: 38.0 ± 6.7 yrs.; male: 85.5%) were included. Less than half (39.3%) of them reported a smoke-free policy at home. Among those parents who had private cars, less than half (45.2%) of them had smoke-free policy in their car that they never smoked in the car. Only 25.5% of the participants correctly answered ≥70% of the knowledge questions, and 11.8 % of the participants gave favorable responses to ≥70% of the attitude questions. The total knowledge and the total attitudes score were positively associated (r = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.35–0.79, p &lt; 0.001), yet they were only modestly correlated with parental practice on children's ETS exposure. By multivariate regressions, potential predictive factors for more favorable parental KAP included higher household income, lower parental nicotine dependence level and breastfeeding practice.Conclusions: Parental KAP related to tobacco use and children's ETS exposure needs improvement to address the significant gap between recommended and actual practice. The weak association between knowledge and practice suggested that parental education alone is not adequate to combat ETS exposure in children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document