The Brain Protective Effect of rTMS (Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) in Depression: A Mini-Review in Animal Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Yulug ◽  
Lütfü Hanoglu ◽  
Ahmet M. Tavli ◽  
Nesrin H. Y|lmaz ◽  
Ertugrul K|l|c
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Administration of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Attenuates Aβ1-42-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice by Activating β-Catenin Signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyun Chen ◽  
Shu Chen ◽  
Weidi Liang ◽  
Fang Ba
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Histological Staining ◽  
Neuron Apoptosis

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive and painless technique that has been applied for the treatments of diverse neurodegenerative disorders. In the current study, its anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) effect was assessed and the mechanism driving the effect was explored. The AD symptoms were induced via the intracranial injection of Aβ1-42 in mice and then treated with rTMS of 1 Hz or 10 Hz. The anti-AD effect of rTMS was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM), histological staining and western blotting. The results showed that rTMS administrations of both frequencies improved the cognitive function and suppressed neuron apoptosis in AD mice. Moreover, the treatment also increased the brain BDNF, NGF, and doublecortin levels, which represented the increased viability of neurons by rTMS. The injection of Aβ1-42 also increased the expressions of p-GSK-3β, p-Tau, and p-β-catenin and suppressed the level of total β-catenin. After the treatments of rTMS, the level of β-catenin was restored, indicating the activation of β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, the findings outlined in the current study demonstrated that the anti-AD effect of rTMS was associated with the activation of β-catenin, which would promote the survival of neurons.

How Does Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Influence the Brain in Depressive Disorders?

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Taïb ◽  
Christophe Arbus ◽  
Anne Sauvaget ◽  
Marie Sporer ◽  
Laurent Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive Impairment and the Brain Lipidome in a Cuprizone-Induced Mouse Model of Demyelination

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuihong Zhou ◽  
Min Cai ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Wenjun Wu ◽  
Yuezhen Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Brain Lipids ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
The Brain

The protective effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on myelin integrity have been extensively studied, and growing evidence suggests that rTMS is beneficial in improving cognitive functions and promoting myelin repair. However, the association between cognitive improvement due to rTMS and changes in brain lipids remains elusive. In this study, we used the Y-maze and 3-chamber tests, as well as a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach in a CPZ-induced demyelination model in mice to assess the protective effects of rTMS on cuprizone (CPZ)-induced cognitive impairment and evaluate changes in lipid composition in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum. We found that CPZ induced cognitive impairment and remarkable changes in brain lipids, specifically in glycerophospholipids. Moreover, the changes in lipids within the prefrontal cortex were more extensive, compared to those observed in the hippocampus and striatum. Notably, rTMS ameliorated CPZ-induced cognitive impairment and partially normalized CPZ-induced lipid changes. Taken together, our data suggest that rTMS may reverse cognitive behavioral changes caused by CPZ-induced demyelination by modulating the brain lipidome, providing new insights into the therapeutic mechanism of rTMS.

scholarly journals Priming the Brain to Capitalize on Metaplasticity in Stroke Rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Cassidy ◽  
Bernadette T. Gillick ◽  
James R. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Stroke Outcomes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is emerging as a potentially valuable intervention to augment the effects of behavioral therapy for stroke. When used in conjunction with other therapies, rTMS embraces the concept of metaplasticity. Due to homeostatic mechanisms inherent to metaplasticity, interventions known to be in isolation to enhance excitability can interact when applied successively under certain timing conditions and produce enhanced or opposite effects. Similar to “muscular wisdom,” with its self-protective mechanisms, there also appears to be “synaptic wisdom” in neural networks with homeostatic processes that prevent over- and under-excitability. These processes have implications for both enhancing and suppressing the excitability effects from behavioral therapy. The purpose of this article is to relate the concept of metaplasticity, as derived from studies in humans who are healthy, to stroke rehabilitation and consider how it can be leveraged to maximize stroke outcomes.

scholarly journals Promotion of Poststroke Motor-Function Recovery with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation by Regulating the Interhemispheric Imbalance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 648
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Yuan ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Na Cao ◽  
Changhao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Function Recovery ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Technique ◽  
Positive Results

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain-stimulation technique that transiently modulates cerebral cortex excitability, achieving overall positive results in poststroke motor-function recovery. Excessive inhibition of the ipsilesional-affected hemisphere by the contralesional-unaffected hemisphere has seriously hindered poststroke motor-function recovery. Hence, intracortical disinhibition can be used as an approach to managing poststroke brain injury. This technique promotes neural plasticity for faster motor-function recovery. rTMS relieves unilateral inhibition of the brain function by regulatinga interhemispheric-imbalanced inhibition. This paper summarized 12 studies from 2016 to date, focusing on rTMS on motor function after acute and chronic stroke by regulating the interhemispheric imbalance of inhibitory inputs. Although rTMS studies have shown promising outcomes on recovery of motor functions in stroke patients, different intervention methods may lead to discrepancies in results. A uniform optimal stimulus model cannot routinely be used, mainly due to the stimulus schemes, stroke types and outcome-measuring differences among studies. Thus, the effect of rTMS on poststroke motor-function recovery should be investigated further to standardize the rTMS program for optimal poststroke motor-function recovery. More randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials with standardized rTMS protocols are needed to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.

rTMS and nondeclarative learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Freedberg ◽  
Eric M. Wassermann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Procedural Learning ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Brain

Nondeclarative learning and memory involve acquiring and retaining skills or habits and include subtypes, such as procedural learning, priming, and classical conditioning. Animal studies, lesion, and functional imaging studies in humans have implicated a range of brain areas, including frontal and parietal cortical regions, basal ganglia, cerebellum in these functions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can modulate functional connectivity in brain networks and provide causal evidence for their involvement in behavior. In this chapter, we review the use of rTMS to investigate the brain networks underlying nondeclarative learning by stimulating their cortical nodes and examining the effects of these interventions on behavior and imaging measures of brain activity and connectivity, with emphasis on how the timing of stimulation (before, during, or after learning) affects these measures.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: An Introduction and Overview

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Wassermann
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
The Brain

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a relatively new technique for activating the cerebral cortex through the scalp and skull. By inducing electrical currents in the brain, rTMS is able to produce a variety of effects, including muscle twitching, changes in motor performance, disruption of cognitive and perceptual processes, and changes in mood. Although the technique is noninvasive and easily tolerated by patients and normal subjects, rTMS can produce epileptic seizures and, potentially, other undesirable effects on brain function. Further studies will be required to fully define the safe ranges of the stimulation parameters.

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