scholarly journals The Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive Impairment and the Brain Lipidome in a Cuprizone-Induced Mouse Model of Demyelination

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuihong Zhou ◽  
Min Cai ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Wenjun Wu ◽  
Yuezhen Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Brain Lipids ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
The Brain

The protective effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on myelin integrity have been extensively studied, and growing evidence suggests that rTMS is beneficial in improving cognitive functions and promoting myelin repair. However, the association between cognitive improvement due to rTMS and changes in brain lipids remains elusive. In this study, we used the Y-maze and 3-chamber tests, as well as a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach in a CPZ-induced demyelination model in mice to assess the protective effects of rTMS on cuprizone (CPZ)-induced cognitive impairment and evaluate changes in lipid composition in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum. We found that CPZ induced cognitive impairment and remarkable changes in brain lipids, specifically in glycerophospholipids. Moreover, the changes in lipids within the prefrontal cortex were more extensive, compared to those observed in the hippocampus and striatum. Notably, rTMS ameliorated CPZ-induced cognitive impairment and partially normalized CPZ-induced lipid changes. Taken together, our data suggest that rTMS may reverse cognitive behavioral changes caused by CPZ-induced demyelination by modulating the brain lipidome, providing new insights into the therapeutic mechanism of rTMS.

scholarly journals Cognitive Improvement Via Left Angular Gyrus-Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Inducing the Neuroplasticity of Thalamic System in Alzheimer’s Disease Spectrum Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yang ◽  
Xiaoning Sheng ◽  
Ruomeng Qin ◽  
Haifeng Chen ◽  
Pengfei Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Left Angular Gyrus

Abstract Background: Stimulating superficial brain regions highly associated with the hippocampus by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may improve memory of Alzheimer disease (AD) spectrum patients. Methods: We recruited 26 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients. All the patients were stimulated to the left angular gyrus, which was confirmed a strong link to the hippocampus through neuroimaging studies, by the neuro-navigated rTMS for four weeks. Automated fiber quantification (AFQ) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and graph theory analysis on functional network were employed to detect the neuroplasticity of brain networks. Results: After neuro-navigated rTMS intervention, the episodic memory and language function of patients were significantly improved. Increased white matter integrity of right anterior thalamic radiation among MCI patients, while decreased functional network properties of thalamus subregions were observed. It is worth noting that the improvement of cognition was associated with the neuroplasticity of thalamic systemConclusions: We speculated that the rTMS intervention targeting left angular gyrus may be served as a strategy to improve cognitive impairment in AD spectrum patients, supporting by the neuroplasticity of thalamic system, especially in the early disease process at the stage of MCI.

scholarly journals Grammatical Distinctions in the Left Frontal Cortex

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Shapiro ◽  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone ◽  
Felix M. Mottaghy ◽  
Massimo Gangitano ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
The Brain

Selective deficits in producing verbs relative to nouns in speech are well documented in neuropsychology and have been associated with left hemisphere frontal cortical lesions resulting from stroke and other neurological disorders. The basis for these impairments is unresolved: Do they arise because of differences in the way grammatical categories of words are organized in the brain, or because of differences in the neural representation of actions and objects? We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to suppress the excitability of a portion of left prefrontal cortex and to assess its role in producing nouns and verbs. In one experiment subjects generated real words; in a second, they produced pseudowords as nouns or verbs. In both experiments, response latencies increased for verbs but were unaffected for nouns following rTMS. These results demonstrate that grammatical categories have a neuroanatomical basis and that the left prefrontal cortex is selectively engaged in processing verbs as grammatical objects.

scholarly journals A pilot trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in anorexia nervosa: resting fMRI correlates of response

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blake Woodside ◽  
Katharine Dunlop ◽  
Charlene Sathi ◽  
Eileen Lam ◽  
Brigitte McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex

Abstract Background Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) face severe and chronic illness with high mortality rates, despite our best currently available conventional treatments. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown increasing efficacy in treatment-refractory cases across a variety of psychiatric disorders comorbid with AN, including major depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, to date few studies have examined the effects of a course of rTMS on AN pathology itself. Methods Nineteen patients with AN underwent a 20–30 session open-label course of dorsomedial prefrontal rTMS for comorbid Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ± PTSD. Resting-state functional MRI was acquired at baseline in 16/19 patients. Results Following treatment, significant improvements were seen in core AN pathology on the EDE global scale, and to a lesser extent on the shape and weight concerns subscales. Significant improvements in comorbid anxiety, and to a lesser extent depression, also ensued. The greatest improvements were seen in patients with lower baseline functional connectivity from the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) target to regions in the right frontal pole and left angular gyrus. Conclusions Despite the limited size of this preliminary, open-label study, the results suggest that rTMS is safe in AN, and may be useful in addressing some core domains of AN pathology. Other targets may also be worth studying in this population, in future sham-controlled trials with larger sample sizes. Trial registration Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04409704. Registered May 282,020. Retrospectively registered.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Depersonalization: A Case Report

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro M. Jiménez-Genchi
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Depersonalization Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

AbstractDepersonalization disorder is a poorly understood and treatment-resistant condition. This report describes a patient with depersonalization disorder who underwent six sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation produced a 28% reduction on depersonalization scores.

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