Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, New Tools for Drug Discovery and New Hope for Stem Cell Therapies

Cell therapies, based on transplantation of immature cells, are being considered as a promising tool in the treatment of neurological disorders. Many efforts are being concentrated on the development of safe and effective stem cell lines. Nevertheless, the neurogenic potential of some cell lines, i.e., the ability to generate mature neurons either in vitro or in vivo, is largely unknown. Recent evidence indicate that this potential might be distinct among different cell lines, therefore limiting their broad use as replacement cells in the central nervous system. Here, we have reviewed the latest advancements regarding the electrophysiological maturation of stem cells, focusing our attention on fetal-derived-, embryonic-, and induced pluripotent stem cells. In summary, a large body of evidence supports the biological safety, high neurogenic potential, and in some diseases probable clinical efficiency related to fetal-derived cells. By contrast, reliable data regarding embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are still missing.

Download Full-text

Recent Advances in Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery for Diabetes Mellitus Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms17020256 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 256 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mohammed Kawser Hossain ◽

Ahmed Abdal Dayem ◽

Jihae Han ◽

Subbroto Kumar Saha ◽

Gwang-Mo Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Drug Discovery ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Disease Modeling ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Induced Pluripotent

Download Full-text

Strategy to Establish Embryo-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cattle

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22095011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 5011

Author(s):

Daehwan Kim ◽

Sangho Roh

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell Research ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Human Diseases ◽

Induced Pluripotent

Stem cell research is essential not only for the research and treatment of human diseases, but also for the genetic preservation and improvement of animals. Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were established in mice, substantial efforts have been made to establish true ESCs in many species. Although various culture conditions were used to establish ESCs in cattle, the capturing of true bovine ESCs (bESCs) has not been achieved. In this review, the difficulty of establishing bESCs with various culture conditions is described, and the characteristics of proprietary induced pluripotent stem cells and extended pluripotent stem cells are introduced. We conclude with a suggestion of a strategy for establishing true bESCs.

Download Full-text

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Vascular Research: from Two- to Three-Dimensional Organoids

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports ◽

10.1007/s12015-021-10149-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anja Trillhaase ◽

Marlon Maertens ◽

Zouhair Aherrahrou ◽

Jeanette Erdmann

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell Research ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Cell Types ◽

3D Models ◽

Induced Pluripotent

AbstractStem cell technology has been around for almost 30 years and in that time has grown into an enormous field. The stem cell technique progressed from the first successful isolation of mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the 1990s, to the production of human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the early 2000s, to finally culminate in the differentiation of pluripotent cells into highly specialized cell types, such as neurons, endothelial cells (ECs), cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and lung and intestinal cells, in the last decades. In recent times, we have attained a new height in stem cell research whereby we can produce 3D organoids derived from stem cells that more accurately mimic the in vivo environment. This review summarizes the development of stem cell research in the context of vascular research ranging from differentiation techniques of ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to the generation of vascularized 3D organoids. Furthermore, the different techniques are critically reviewed, and future applications of current 3D models are reported. Graphical abstract

Download Full-text

Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into functional airway epithelium

10.1101/2020.11.29.400358 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Engi Ahmed ◽

Mathieu Fieldes ◽

Chloé Bourguignon ◽

Joffrey Mianné ◽

Aurélie Petit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Drug Discovery ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Blood Sample ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Bronchial Epithelium ◽

Neuroendocrine Cells ◽

Induced Pluripotent

AbstractRationaleHighly reproducible in vitro generation of human bronchial epithelium from pluripotent stem cells is an unmet key goal for drug screening to treat lung diseases. The possibility of using induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) to model normal and diseased tissue in vitro from a simple blood sample will reshape drug discovery for chronic lung, monogenic and infectious diseases.MethodsWe devised a simple and reliable method that drives a blood sample reprogrammed into hiPSC subsequently differentiated within 45 days into air-liquid interface bronchial epithelium (iALI), through key developmental stages, definitive-endoderm (DE) and Ventralized-Anterior-Foregut-Endoderm (vAFE) cells.ResultsReprogramming blood cells from one healthy and 3 COPD patients, and from skin-derived fibroblasts obtained in one PCD patient, succeeded in 100% of samples using Sendai viruses. Mean cell purity at DE and vAFE stages was greater than 80%, assessed by expression of CXCR4 and NKX2.1, avoiding the need of cell sorting. When transferred to ALI conditions, vAFE cells reliably differentiated within 4 weeks into bronchial epithelium with large zones covered by beating ciliated, basal, goblets, club cells and neuroendocrine cells as found in vivo. Benchmarking all culture conditions including hiPSCs adaptation to single-cell passaging, cell density and differentiation induction timing allowed for consistently producing iALI bronchial epithelium from the five hiPSC lines.ConclusionsReliable reprogramming and differentiation of blood-derived hiPSCs into mature and functional iALI bronchial epithelium is ready for wider use and this will allow better understanding lung disease pathogenesis and accelerating the development of novel gene therapies and drug discovery.

Download Full-text