scholarly journals Comparison of HIV/AIDS Rates Between U.S.-Born Blacks and African-Born Blacks in Utah, 2000 – 2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Ashton ◽  
Scott A Bernhardt ◽  
Mike Lowe ◽  
Matthew Mietchen ◽  
Jim Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
African Region ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Black African ◽  
Hiv Aids

The Utah Department of Health currently groups African-born blacks with U.S.-born blacks when reporting HIV/AIDS surveillance data. Studies suggest that categorizing HIV/AIDS cases in this manner may mask important epidemiological trends, and the distinct differences between these two populations warrant disaggregating data prior to reporting. The purpose of this study was to characterize the HIV/AIDS positive populations in U.S. and African-born blacks in Utah and evaluate the need for disaggregating the two groups. A total of 1,111 cases were identified through the statewide electronic HIV/AIDS Reporting System from 2000 - 2009. Data were analyzed for prevalence of HIV diagnosis for African-born blacks, U.S.-born blacks, and U.S.-born whites. Secondary analysis included HIV diagnosis by age, sex, African region of nativity, transmission risk factors, and differences in late diagnosis of HIV infection. U.S.-born whites accounted for 914 (82.3%) cases, and had the lowest annual prevalence (4/100,000). Conversely, African-born and U.S.- born blacks had the highest prevalence, 162/100,000 and 24/100,000 respectively. African-born blacks made up 0.25% of the total population, but accounted for 7.9% of all HIV/AIDS cases. African-born black males were more likely to report “no reported risk” for HIV transmission than U.S.-born black males. Of African-born blacks, 55.7% reported East-African nativity. These results demonstrate the importance of stratifying the black/African American racial category by African-born and U.S.-born blacks when collecting and reporting HIV/AIDS state surveillance data even in a low-incidence state,which will better inform prevention and linkage-to-care efforts in Utah.

scholarly journals Using HIV Surveillance Data to Monitor Missed Opportunities for Linkage and Engagement in HIV Medical Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Bertolli ◽  
R Luke Shouse ◽  
Linda Beer ◽  
Eduardo Valverde ◽  
Jennifer Fagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Delayed Entry ◽  
Level Monitoring

Monitoring delayed entry to HIV medical care is needed because it signifies that opportunities to prevent HIV transmission and mitigate disease progression have been missed. A central question for population-level monitoring is whether to consider a person linked to care after receipt of one CD4 or VL test. Using HIV surveillance data, we explored two definitions for estimating the number of HIV-diagnosed persons not linked to HIV medical care. We used receipt of at least one CD4 or VL test (definition 1) and two or more CD4 or VL tests (definition 2) to define linkage to care within 12 months and within 42 months of HIV diagnosis. In five jurisdictions, persons diagnosed from 12/2006-12/2008 who had not died or moved away and who had zero, or less than two reported CD4 or VL tests by 7/31/2010 were considered not linked to care under definitions 1 and 2, respectively. Among 13,600 persons followed up for 19-42 months; 1,732 (13%) had no reported CD4 or VL tests; 2,332 persons (17%) had only one CD4 or VL test and 9,536 persons (70%) had two or more CD4 or VL tests. To summarize, after more than 19 months, 30% of persons diagnosed with HIV had less than two CD4 or VL tests; more than half of them were considered to have entered care if entering care is defined as having one CD4 or VL test. Defining linkage to care as a single CD4 or VL may overestimate entry into care, particularly for certain subgroups.

scholarly journals Variability of the Date of HIV Diagnosis: A Comparison of Self-Report, Medical Record, and HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 734-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra I. McCoy ◽  
Bill Jones ◽  
Peter A. Leone ◽  
Sonia Napravnik ◽  
E. Byrd Quinlivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors Among People Living With HIV/AIDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. E1-E10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Du ◽  
Tonya Crook ◽  
Cynthia Whitener ◽  
Patsi Albright ◽  
Daphne Greenawalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Comprehensive knowledge of HIV prevention among fishing communities of Lake Kyoga, Uganda, 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leocadia Kwagonza ◽  
Lilian Bulage ◽  
Paul Edward Okello ◽  
Joy Kusiima ◽  
Daniel Kadobera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Compared to the general population in Uganda, fishing communities suffer greater burden of HIV/AIDS. We determined the level of comprehensive knowledge on HIV prevention and its associated factors among fishing communities of Lake Kyoga. Methods We conducted secondary analysis of data from the Lake Kyoga Behavioral Survey, a population-based sample survey on behavioral risk factors for HIV, syphilis, and schistosomiasis among adults in fishing communities of Lake Kyoga in 2013. We defined comprehensive knowledge as having correct knowledge on HIV prevention (consistent condom use, faithfulness, a healthy-looking person can have HIV, and HIV cannot be transmitted through food-sharing, witchcraft or handshake). We used logistic regression to determined potential factors associated with comprehensive knowledge on HIV prevention and control for confounding. Results Of 1780 persons in the sample, 51% (911/1780) were females. The mean age was 32 (range: 15–97) years. Overall, 51% (899/1780) of persons had comprehensive knowledge on HIV prevention. Level of comprehensive knowledge on HIV prevention was similar between females (52%, 449/911) and males (49%, 450/869). Males (76%, 658/869) had lower knowledge on HIV transmission from mother to child during breast feeding compared to females (81%, 738/911) (p-value 0.019). Fishermen (46%,324/711) who lived > 5 km away from a health center compared to 54% (572/1066) who lived within 5 km radius were less likely to have comprehensive knowledge on HIV prevention (PRRadj = 0.8; 95%CI = 0.5–0.92). Those who had ever tested for HIV were more likely to have comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission (PRRadj = 1.1; 95% 1.03–1.70). Conclusion Half of the population of Lake Kyoga fishing community had comprehensive knowledge of HIV prevention. Long distances from health facilities reduced the level of comprehensive knowledge on HIV transmission. HIV testing increased the level of comprehensive knowledge on HIV transmission. Ministry of health should ensure that HIV/AIDS information; education and communication and HIV counseling and testing activities are intensified in fishing communities of Lake Kyoga, with more emphasis on communities living in distances of more than 5 km away from the health facility.

scholarly journals Attitudes, practices, and priority of HIV screening and testing among clinical providers in Transylvania and Moldavia, Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cabiria M. Barbosu ◽  
Amanda Radulescu ◽  
Carmen Manciuc ◽  
Erin Muir ◽  
Brooke A. Levandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Screening and linkage to care are core, foundational strategies for HIV transmission prevention and for identifying People Living with HIV (PLHIV). In Romania – with an atypical experience in the HIV/AIDS epidemic – providing care for HIV+ patients identified early is a priority, though screening and testing can pose a challenge in some areas. Methods A survey of 125 clinical providers to explore important dimensions of HIV/ AIDS clinical care was conducted in Transylvania and Moldavia, where clinicians identified poor/ latent screening as a major problem in providing timely care and in preventing the spread of disease. We analyzed determinants of offering HIV screening/testing to patients using Pearson Chi-square analysis and logistic regression. Logistic regression generated Odds Ratios (OR) to reflect the magnitude of association between the relevant variables, with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) indicating statistical range. Results In total, 40.8% of providers did not provide HIV screening/testing to at least one segment of the population. Hospital-based providers were significantly more likely to offer HIV screening/testing to all segments than were non-hospital-based providers (58.1% v. 35.5%, respectively; p < .05). Providers located within institutions with screening/testing policies were more likely to offer such services to their patients (p < .05). Overall, 94.4% of providers indicated interest in more training around HIV screening/testing. Discussion Reaching Romanian and global goals for reducing HIV require more timely screening and action based on positive status. Romanian clinicians are interested in expanding HIV screening/testing and are interested in participating in training that helps them feel more prepared to undertake this work.

scholarly journals Reduction in undiagnosed HIV infection in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2012 to 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ard van Sighem ◽  
Anastasia Pharris ◽  
Chantal Quinten ◽  
Teymur Noori ◽  
Andrew J Amato-Gauci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv

It is well-documented that early HIV diagnosis and linkage to care reduces morbidity and mortality as well as HIV transmission. We estimated the median time from HIV infection to diagnosis in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) at 2.9 years in 2016, with regional variation. Despite evidence of a decline in the number of people living with undiagnosed HIV in the EU/EEA, many remain undiagnosed, including 33% with more advanced HIV infection (CD4 < 350 cells/mm3).

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