Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2D6: Prevalence in Healthy Kurds

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Muslih Abdulkarim Ibrahim ◽  
Zalina Zahari ◽  
Nurfadhlina Musa ◽  
Khoo Boon Yin

Background: Identifying the genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6 is useful in pharmacogenomics. Unfortunately, until today, the prevalence of the CYP2D6 polymorphisms among Kurds is scarce. Objective: In this study, we explored the CYP2D6 polymorphisms among Kurds. Methods: Four hundred and fifty-nine unrelated healthy Kurds were recruited for the study. DNA was extracted from whole blood and was then used for genotyping CYP2D6*3, *4, *5, *6, *9, *10, *17, *114 and gene duplication using the nested allelespecific multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Conclusion: The data add to our knowledge of CYP2D6 alleles, the genotypes and the distributions of predicted phenotypes in Kurds. Majority of the observed variant alleles confer no function and gene duplication. CYP2D6 polymorphisms were found to be very heterogeneous in relation to genotype frequencies. Further study in relation to the evaluation of drug therapy adjustment based on CYP2D6 genotype may help to understand the clinical consequences of CYP2D6 polymorphisms.

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2026
Author(s):  
Soichiro Ito ◽  
Takeshi Hirota ◽  
Miyu Yanai ◽  
Mai Muto ◽  
Eri Watanabe ◽  
...  

Cathepsin A (CatA) is important as a drug-metabolizing enzyme responsible for the activation of prodrugs, such as the anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF). The present study was undertaken to clarify the presence of polymorphisms of the CatA gene in healthy Japanese subjects and the influence of gene polymorphism on the expression level of CatA protein and the drug-metabolizing activity. Single-strand conformation polymorphism method was used to analyze genetic polymorphisms in healthy Japanese subjects. Nine genetic polymorphisms were identified in the CatA gene. The polymorphism (85_87CTG>-) in exon 2 was a mutation causing a deletion of leucine, resulting in the change of the leucine 9-repeat (Leu9) to 8-repeat (Leu8) in the signal peptide region of CatA protein. The effect of Leu8 on the expression level of CatA protein was evaluated in Flp-In-293 cells with a stably expressed CatA, resulting in the expression of CatA protein being significantly elevated in variant 2 with Leu8 compared with Leu9. Higher concentrations of tenofovir alanine (TFV-Ala), a metabolite of TAF, were observed in the Leu8-expressing cells than in the Leu9-expressing cells using LC/MS/MS. Our findings suggest that the drug metabolic activity of CatA is altered by the genetic polymorphism.


Xenobiotica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianbo Jin ◽  
Xiaojie Xun ◽  
Shuli Du ◽  
Tingting Geng ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  

Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (40) ◽  
pp. e12579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peilong Cao ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Yuan Shao ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Tianbo Jin ◽  
...  

Xenobiotica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengshuai Chen ◽  
Jingjie Li ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Fengjiao Wang ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogita Ghodke ◽  
Kalpana Joshi ◽  
Bhushan Patwardhan

Traditional Indian medicine—Ayurveda—classifies the human population into three major constituents orPrakritiknown asVata, PittaandKaphatypes. Earlier, we have demonstrated a proof of concept to support genetic basis forPrakriti. The descriptions in Ayurveda indicate that individuals withPitta Prakritiare fast metabolizers while those ofKapha Prakritiare slow metabolizers. We hypothesized that differentPrakritimay have different drug metabolism rates associated with drug metabolizing enzyme (DME) polymorphism. We didCYP2C19(Phase I DME) genotyping in 132 unrelated healthy subjects of either sex by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. We observed significant association betweenCYP2C19genotype and major classes ofPrakrititypes. The extensive metabolizer (EM) genotype (*1/*1, *1/*2, *1/*3) was found to be predominant inPitta Prakriti(91%). Genotype (*1/*3) specific for EM group was present only inPitta Prakriti.Poor metabolizer (PM) genotype (*2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3) was highest (31%) inKapha Prakritiwhen compared withVata(12%) andPitta Prakriti(9%). Genotype (*2/*3) which is typical for PM group was significant inKapha Prakriti(odds ratio = 3.5,P=  .008).We observed interesting correlations betweenCYP2C19genotypes andPrakritiwith fast and slow metabolism being one of the major distinguishing and differentiating characteristics. These observations are likely to have significant impact on phenotype-genotype correlation, drug discovery, pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine.


Author(s):  
А.А. Курылев ◽  
Б.В. Андреев

Несмотря на доступность в клинической практике широкого круга классических и атипичных антипсихотиков (АП), по-прежнему наблюдается широкая вариабельность ответа на психофармакотерапию. Эта вариабельность обусловлена генетической гетерогенностью как самой шизофрении, так и метаболизма АП. Стандартные назначаемые дозы АП далеко не всегда являются оптимальными. Генетическая вариабельность систем биотрансформации и биодоступности АП могут играть значимую роль в формировании ответа на терапию и развитии нежелательных реакций. Целью исследования стало проведение обзора литературы по проблеме клинической эффективности применения генотипирования полиморфизмов CYP2D6 при терапии антипсихотиками. Большинство фармакокинетических исследований обнаруживают сильную достоверную положительную корреляцию метаболического статуса CYP2D6, определенного путем генотипирования полиморфизмов CYP2D6 и фармакокинетических параметров АП (AUC, период полувыведения, клиренс). Однако статистически достоверных связей между полиморфизмами CYP2D6 и эффективностью терапии АП в большинстве исследований обнаружено не было, прежде всего из-за недостаточного количества участников, гетерогенности сравниваемых когорт, применении различных АП и использовании разных критериев эффективности. Перспективные исследования с хорошо сбалансированными группами сравнения, а также масштабные ретроспективные исследования демонстрируют достоверную корреляцию метаболического статуса CYP2D6 и частоты развития нежелательных реакций АП (лекарственный паркинсонизм и поздняя дискинезия). Для более точной оценки величины вклада генетических полиморфизмов CYP2D6 в эффективность и безопасность психофармакотерапии необходимы масштабные перспективные клинические исследования. Although a number of typical and atypical antipsychotics (AP) have been discovered and used in psychiatric clinical practice the variability in response to AP is quite high. This variability is partially explained by a genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia and metabolism of AP. The standard prescribed antipsychotic daily dose is not always optimal. Genetic variability of biotransformation and bioavailability of AP may significantly influence on therapeutic effect and tolerability. The aim of the study was to perform literature review of studies evaluating the correlation of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms and AP pharmacokinetics, effectiveness and safety. Most pharmacokinetics studies show high positive significant correlation between CYP2D6 metabolic activity, determined by CYP2D6 polymorphisms genotyping and AP pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, elimination half-life, clearance etc.). However the majority of studies were failed to demonstrate significant correlation between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and AP effectiveness mainly due to inadequate number of patient, heterogeneous cohorts, different AP and effectiveness criteria used. Prospective studies with balanced comparison groups and large retrospective studies showed significant correlation between CYP2D6 metabolic status and the frequency of AP induced AEs (parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia). To better assess the influence of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on AP effectiveness and safety in clinical routine large prospective well designed clinical studies are needed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cheong ◽  
Jason S. Halladay ◽  
Emile Plise ◽  
Jasleen K. Sodhi ◽  
Laurent Salphati

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Reiji Kitashiro ◽  
Norimitsu Kurata ◽  
Shinichi Kobayashi ◽  
Yuki Nishimura ◽  
Eiji Uchida ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Dlouhá ◽  
Věra Adámková ◽  
Lenka Šedová ◽  
Věra Olišarová ◽  
Jaroslav A. Hubáček ◽  
...  

AbstractObjectivesCytochromes P450 play a role in human drugs metabolic pathways and their genes are among the most variable in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze genotype frequencies of five common polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 in Roma/Gypsy and Czech (non-Roma) population samples with Czech origin.MethodsRoma/Gypsy (n=302) and Czech subjects (n=298) were genotyped for CYP1A2 (rs762551), CYP2A6 (rs4105144), CYP2B6 (rs3745274) and CYP2D6 (rs3892097; rs1065852) polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP or Taqman assay.ResultsWe found significant allelic/genotype differences between ethnics in three genes. For rs3745274 polymorphism, there was increased frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (53.1 vs. 43.7%; p=0.02). For rs4105144 (CYP2A6) there was higher frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (68.7 vs. 49.8%; p<0.0001). For rs3892097 (CYP2D6) there was more carriers of the A allele between Roma in comparison with Czech population (39.2 vs. 38.2%; p=0.048). Genotype/allelic frequencies of CYP2D6 (rs1065852) and CYP1A2 (rs762551) variants did not significantly differ between the ethnics.ConclusionsThere were significant differences in allelic/genotype frequencies of some, but not all cytochromes P450 polymorphisms between the Czech Roma/Gypsies and Czech non-Roma subjects.


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