Multilineage Differentiation Potential of Bone and Cartilage Cells Derived from Explant Culture

Abstract Background Cartilage injury and pathological degeneration are reported in millions of patients globally. Cartilages such as articular hyaline cartilage are characterized by poor self-regeneration ability due to lack of vascular tissue. Current treatment methods adopt foreign cartilage analogue implants or microfracture surgery to accelerate tissue repair and regeneration. These methods are invasive and are associated with the formation of fibrocartilage, which warrants further exploration of new cartilage repair materials. The present study aims to develop an injectable modified gelatin hydrogel. Method The hydrogel effectively adsorbed proteoglycans secreted by chondrocytes adjacent to the cartilage tissue in situ, and rapidly formed suitable chondrocyte survival microenvironment modified by ε-poly-L-lysine (EPL). Besides, dynamic covalent bonds were introduced between glucose and phenylboronic acids (PBA). These bonds formed reversible covalent interactions between the cis−diol groups on polyols and the ionic boronate state of PBA. PBA-modified hydrogel induced significant stress relaxation, which improved chondrocyte viability and cartilage differentiation of stem cells. Further, we explored the ability of these hydrogels to promote chondrocyte viability and cartilage differentiation of stem cells through chemical and mechanical modifications. Results In vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that the hydrogels exhibited efficient biocompatibility. EPL and PBA modified GelMA hydrogel (Gel-EPL/B) showed stronger activity on chondrocytes compared to the GelMA control group. The Gel-EPL/B group induced the secretion of more extracellular matrix and improved the chondrogenic differentiation potential of stem cells. Finally, thus hydrogel promoted the tissue repair of cartilage defects. Conclusion Modified hydrogel is effective in cartilage tissue repair.

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Growth Induction of Bone and Cartilage Cells by Physical Forces

Tissue Nutrition and Viability ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-0629-0_6 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 121-133

Author(s):

Itzhak Binderman ◽

Dalia Somjen ◽

Zvi Shimshoni

Keyword(s):

Cartilage Cells ◽

Physical Forces ◽

And Cartilage ◽

Growth Induction

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A Review of Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Is There Any Potential?

Frontiers in Oral Health ◽

10.3389/froh.2021.832976 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Oleh Andrukhov ◽

Alice Blufstein ◽

Christian Behm

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Multilineage Differentiation ◽

Differentiation Potential ◽

Health Maintenance ◽

Immunomodulatory Properties

Antimicrobial defense is an essential component of host-microbial homeostasis and contributes substantially to oral health maintenance. Dental mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties and play an important role in various processes like regeneration and disease progression. Recent studies show that dental MSCs might also be involved in antibacterial defense. This occurs by producing antimicrobial peptides or attracting professional phagocytic immune cells and modulating their activity. The production of antimicrobial peptides and immunomodulatory abilities of dental MSCs are enhanced by an inflammatory environment and influenced by vitamin D3. Antimicrobial peptides also have anti-inflammatory effects in dental MSCs and improve their differentiation potential. Augmentation of antibacterial efficiency of dental MSCs could broaden their clinical application in dentistry.

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Low Oxygen Tension Potentiates Proliferation and Stemness but Not Multilineage Differentiation of Caprine Male Germline Stem Cells

10.21203/rs.3.rs-420611/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shiva Pratap Singh ◽

Suresh Dinkar Kharche ◽

Manisha Pathak ◽

Ravi Ranjan ◽

Yogesh Kumar Soni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Population Doubling ◽

Population Doubling Time ◽

Germline Stem Cells ◽

Multilineage Differentiation ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Differentiation Potential

Abstract The milieu of testicular germline stem cells (mGSCs) is characterized as low oxygen (O2) environment, whereas, there in-vitro expansion is typically performed under normoxia (20-21% O2). Here, we evaluated and compared the culture and multilineage differentiation characteristics of enriched (through differential platting and percoll density centrifugation) caprine mGSCs (cmGSCs) under hypoxic (5% O2) and normoxic (21% O2) culture conditions. For this, in addition to growth characteristics and population-doubling time (PDT); viability, proliferation, senescence, and expression of key-markers of adhesion (β-integrin and E-Cadherin) and stemness (OCT-4, THY-1 and UCHL-1) were evaluated and compared under normoxia and hypoxia. Moreover, the extent of multilineage differentiation (neurogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation) was assessed. The survival, viability and proliferation were significantly promoted and PDT was reduced (p < 0.05), thus yielding a higher number of viable cells with larger colonies under hypoxia. Furthermore, expression of stemness and adhesion markers was distinctly increased under lowered O2 condition. Conversely, the presence of differentiated regions and expression of differentiation specific key genes [C/EBPα (adipogenic), nestin and β-tubulin (neurogenic), and COL2A1 (chondrogenic)] were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced under hypoxic conditions. These data demonstrate that culturing cmGSCs under hypoxia augments the growth characteristics, and stemness but not the multilineage differentiation potential of cmGSCs as compared with normoxia. These data are important for the development of robust methodologies for ex-vivo expansion and lineage-committed differentiation of cmGSCs for clinical applications.

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