Zeonex-based Tetra-rectangular Core-photonic Crystal Fiber for NaCl Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Mamun Bulbul ◽  
Md. Bellal Hossain ◽  
Rahul Dutta ◽  
Mahadi Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Polarization Direction ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Sensor Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Peak Sensitivity

Introduction: This paper demonstrates the design of a sensor model for the detection of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) in an effective and efficient manner. Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) has been used to design this sensor model. Objective: Using Comsol Multiphysics software, the sensor model has been implemented and simulated to carry out an indepth analysis of the sensing performance of the proposed model. Method: The confinement loss, effective material loss, effective area, birefringence, and relative sensitivity has been analyzed to estimate the sensing efficiency of this model. The sensor performance has been analyzed for five different concentrations of NaCl. Results: From the analysis, it is found that for all the analytes, confinement loss maintains a moderate value for the frequency band ranging from 0.9 to 1.2 THz. However, it approaches absolute zero immediately after 1.2 THz. The sensor model results in a high effective area, which is highly desirable for every PCF. It shows 3.78 × 105 , 3.77 × 105 , 3.76 × 105 , 3.75 × 105 , and 3.743 × 105 μm 2 effective areas for 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% NaCl respectively at 1.4 THz. The effective material loss for this model is about 3.7×10-3 , 3.63×10-3 , 3.68×10 -3 , 3.672×10-3 and 3.652×10-3 cm -1 for 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 0% NaCl respectively at 1.4 THz. Birefringence is also high for the proposed model . The values of birefringence are approximately 0.002, 0.0018, 0.0017, 0.0016 and 0.0015 at 1.4 THz for 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% NaCl respectively. In addition to the above positive outcomes, the sensor model exhibits high sensitivity for both x and y polarization. The peak sensitivity of this sensor is 91.5%, 91.42%, 91.34%, 91.25% and 91.10% in x polarization direction whereas the peak sensitivity is 91.70%, 91.60%, 91.49%, 91.40% and 91.25% in y polarization direction for 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 0% NaCl respectively at 1.8 THz. The value of sensitivity is above 90% at 1.4 THz for all the five concentrations of NaCl. Conclusion: The analyzed optical properties signify the higher efficiency and effectiveness of the sensor model in the detection of NaCl.

scholarly journals Low Effective Material Loss TOPAS Based Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber with High Core Power Fraction in the THz Waveguiding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim Hossain ◽  
Shuvo Sen
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Scattering Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Different Types

Abstract In this study, five layers of hexagonal cladding and two elliptical air holes based on photonic crystal fiber are discussed highly for many communication areas by decreasing different types of losses such as effective material loss (EML), scattering loss, and confinement loss in the terahertz (THz) waveguiding. Our suggested fiber (H-PCF) and all simulation results are obtained with the finite element method (FEM) and the perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary conditions based COMSOL Multiphysics software have been used to design in the THz region. After investigating all the graphical results, this optical communication-related H-PCF fiber discloses an extremely low effective material loss (EML) of 0.0184 cm−1, with an effective area of 7.07×10-8 m2 and flow of power in the core region of 88% at 1 terahertz (THz). Here, other simulation parameters such as confinement loss, scattering loss, and V-parameter are also presented with a proper graph. So, we can easily say that the reported H-PCF fiber is strongly appropriate for different types of short and long-distance communication applications in the terahertz (THz) wave pulse region.

Theoretical Assessment of a Porous Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for Terahertz Wave Propagation

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izaddeen Kabir Yakasai ◽  
Atta Rahman ◽  
Pg Emeroylariffion Abas ◽  
Feroza Begum
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Porous Core

AbstractA porous core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for transmitting terahertz waves is reported and characterized using finite element method. It is shown that by enveloping an octagonal core consisting of only circular air holes in a hexagonal cladding, it is possible to attain low effective material loss that is 73.8% lower than the bulk material absorption loss at 1.0 THz operating frequency. Moreover, a low confinement loss of 7.53×10–5 cm−1 and dispersion profile of 1.0823±0.06 ps/THz/cm within 0.7–1 THz are obtained using carefully selected geometrical design parameters. Other guiding properties such as single-mode operation, bending loss, and effective area are also investigated. The structural design of this porous core PCF is comparatively simple since it contains noncomplex lattices and circular shaped air holes; and therefore, may be implemented using existing fabrication techniques. Due to its auspicious guiding properties, the proposed fiber may be used in single mode terahertz imaging and other short distance terahertz applications.

Design and Characterization of an Ultra Low Loss, Dispersion-Flattened Slotted Photonic Crystal Fiber for Terahertz Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rakibul Islam ◽  
Md. Arif Hossain ◽  
Syed Iftekhar Ali ◽  
Jakeya Sultana ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Terahertz Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber

AbstractA novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on TOPAS, consisting only rectangular slots is presented and analyzed in this paper. The PCF promises not only an extremely low effective material loss (EML) but also a flattened dispersion over a broad frequency range. The modal characteristics of the proposed fiber have been thoroughly investigated using finite element method. The fiber confirms a low EML of 0.009 to 0.01 cm−1 in the frequency range of 0.77–1.05 THz and a flattened dispersion of 0.22±0.01 ps/THz/cm. Besides, some other significant characteristics like birefringence, single mode operation and confinement loss have also been inspected. The simplicity of the fiber makes it easily realizable using the existing fabrication technologies. Thus it is anticipated that the new fiber has the potential to ensure polarization preserving transmission of terahertz signals and to serve as an efficient medium in the terahertz frequency range.

High birefringent, low loss and flattened dispersion asymmetric slotted core-based photonic crystal fiber in THz regime

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 1950218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Khairum Monir ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Bikash Kumar Paul ◽  
Kawsar Ahmed ◽  
Hala J. El-Khozondar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Scattering Loss ◽  
High Birefringence ◽  
Crystal Fiber

This paper proposes a novel model to attain high birefringence and low loss in a slotted core-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structure in THz regime. The performance of the proposed PCF has been evaluated by applying finite element method (FEM) with full simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics V-5.1. The proposed model gains good optical properties such as high birefringence of 0.24, low effective material loss (EML) of 0.03 cm[Formula: see text], low confinement loss of 6.5 × 10[Formula: see text] (dB/m), low scattering loss of 2 × 10[Formula: see text] (dB/m) and low bending loss of 7.4 × 10[Formula: see text] (dB/cm). The proposed structure also exhibits the flattened dispersion for wider frequency response. However, the real-life fabrication of the suggested model is highly feasible using the current technology due to the unique shape of circular air holes in the cladding region. The outcomes make the proposed PCF a stronger candidate for polarization-preserving applications such as sensing, communications and filtering operations in THz band.

scholarly journals Theoretical Considerations of Photonic Crystal Fiber with All Uniform-Sized Air Holes for Liquid Sensing

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Abdul Mu’iz Maidi ◽  
Pg Emeroylarffion Abas ◽  
Pg Iskandar Petra ◽  
Shubi Kaijage ◽  
Nianyu Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Nonlinear Coefficient ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Liquid Sensing

A novel liquid-infiltrated photonic crystal fiber model applicable in liquid sensing for different test liquids—water, ethanol and benzene—has been proposed. One core hole and three air hole rings have been designed and a full vector finite element method has been used for numerical investigation to give the best results in terms of relative sensitivity, confinement loss, power fraction, dispersion, effective area, nonlinear coefficient, numerical aperture and V-Parameter. Specially, the assessed relative sensitivities of the proposed fiber with water, ethanol and benzene are 94.26%, 95.82% and 99.58%, respectively, and low confinement losses of 1.52 × 10−11 dB/m with water, 1.21 × 10−12 dB/m with ethanol and 6.01 × 10−16 dB/m with benzene, at 1.0 μm operating wavelength. This novel PCF design is considered simple and can be easily fabricated for practical use, and the assessed waveguide properties has determined the potential applicability in real liquid sensing applications.

scholarly journals High sensitive triangular photonic crystal fiber sensor design applicable for gas detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A. Abbaszadeh ◽  
S. Makouei ◽  
S. Meshgini
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
High Birefringence ◽  
Crystal Fiber

A new triangular photonic crystal fiber with a based microstructure core gas sensor has been proposed for the wavelength range from 1.1μm to 1.7μm. The guiding trait of the proposed structure depends on geometric parameters and wavelength, which are numerically studied by the finite element method. According to the results, the relative sensitivity obtained as high as 75.14% at 1.33μm wavelength. high birefringence and effective area are also obtained by order of 3.75×10-3 and 14.07 μm2 finally, low confinement loss of 1.41×10-2 dB/m is acquired at the same wavelength. The variation of the diameters in the cladding and core region is investigated and the results show that this structure has good stability for manufacturing goals. Since the results show the highest sensitivity at wavelengths around 1.2μm to 1.7μm, which is the absorption line of many gases such as methane (CH4), hydrogen fluoride (HF), ammonia (NH3), this gas sensor can be used for medical and industrial applications.

Ultra-low Loss with Single Mode Polymer-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for THz Waveguide

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuvo Sen ◽  
Md. Shadidul Islam ◽  
Bikash Kumar Paul ◽  
Md. Ibadul Islam ◽  
Sawrab Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
The Core ◽  
Power Fraction

Abstract In this article, a low loss circular photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) has been suggested as Terahertz (THz) waveguide. Both the core and cladding vicinity of the suggested PCF are constituted by circular-shaped air holes. The optical properties such as effective material loss, effective area, core power fraction and V-parameter have numerically been probed by utilizing full vectorial finite element method (FEM) with perfectly matched layers (FMLs) boundary condition. The reported PCF reveals low absorption loss and large effective area of 0.04 cm−1 and 2.80×10−07 m2 respectively at 1 THz operating frequency. In addition, the core power fraction of the fiber is about 50.83 % at the same activation frequency. The V-parameter shows that the proposed PCF acts as a single mode over 0.70 to 1.15 THz frequency. So, the reported PCF offers the best performance in long distance communication applications.

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Abdul Mu’iz Maidi ◽  
Izaddeen Yakasai ◽  
Pg Emeroylariffion Abas ◽  
Malik Muhammad Nauman ◽  
Rosyzie Anna Apong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
Nonlinear Coefficient ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber

A simple hexagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber model with liquid-infiltrated core for different liquids: water, ethanol and benzene, has been proposed. In the proposed structure, three air hole rings are present in the cladding and three equal sized air holes are present in the core. Numerical investigation of the proposed fiber has been performed using full vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly match layers, to show that the proposed simple structure exhibits high relative sensitivity, high power fraction, relatively high birefringence, low chromatic dispersion, low confinement loss, small effective area, and high nonlinear coefficient. All these properties have been numerically investigated at a wider wavelength regime 0.6–1.8 μm within mostly the IR region. Relative sensitivities of water, ethanol and benzene are obtained at 62.60%, 65.34% and 74.50%, respectively, and the nonlinear coefficients are 69.4 W−1 km−1 for water, 73.8 W−1 km−1 for ethanol and 95.4 W−1 km−1 for benzene, at 1.3 µm operating wavelength. The simple structure can be easily fabricated for practical use, and assessment of its multiple waveguide properties has justified its usage in real liquid detection.

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