Efficacy of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract of Marrubium vulgare on Fungi Responsible for Apples Rot

Background: The microorganisms such as Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea are wellknown pathogens in apples during postharvest. So, to protect apples from these pathogens, chemical control methods were exercised. Introduction: The main objective of this work was to study the chemical composition and the in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal properties of essential oil and hydrosol extract of Marrubium vulgare. Methods: In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare were hydrodistilled in a Clevengertype apparatus. The essential oil and hydrosol extract isolated were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The in-vitro antifungal activity of the both extracts was investigated against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata fungi using radial growth technique. The effect of the essential oil and hydrosol extract on disease development of apple caused by Penicillium expansum in the in-vivo conditions was assessed. Results: The essential oil of Marrubium vulgare was characterized principally by E-β-caryophyllene (23.5%), E-β-farnesene (21%), α-humulene (14.8%), β-bisabolene (11.1%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8%) and phytol (3.1%). While, the methyl-eugenol (65.5%), α-Bisabolol (12.5%), linalool (6.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.2%) were the major compounds of hydrosol extract. The result of in-vitro antifungal activity of hydrosol extract showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata with percentage inhibition ranging from 77% to 89% at low concentration of 0.15 mL/L. The essential oil was found to inhibit the growth of Penicillium expansum in a dose-dependent manner, with a percentage inhibition of 100% at 30 mL/L. Furthermore, essential oil and hydrosol extract have demonstrated promising in-vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum up to 25th day of storage, compared with the control. Conclusion: The preventive and protective effects of essential oil and hydrosol extract could be exploited as an ideal alternative to synthetic fungicides for using the protection of stored apples from fungal phytopathogens.

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Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract of Ballota nigra L. and their Protective Effects Against the Black Rot of Tomatoes

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401314666180515114935 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 662-671 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nabila A. Sebaa ◽

Amina T. Zatla ◽

Mohammed E.A. Dib ◽

Boufeldja Tabti ◽

Jean Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Antifungal Activities

Background: Bellota species are used to treat various diseases in traditional folk medicine. Objectives: This study aimed to chemically characterize the essential oils and the hydrosol extract and regional specificity of the major components of Ballota nigra essential oil and to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities. Methods: Essential oils were obtained by a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antifungal activities were tested to three phytopathogenic stains (Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata). Results: Altogether, 38 compounds were identified in the essential oils, representing 92.1-96.8% of the total oil composition. Their main constituents were E-β-caryophyllene (4.8-24.6%), E-β-farnesene (3.3-22.9%), β-bisabolene (7.6-30.2%), α-humulene (2.1-13.3%) and geranyl linalool (1.1-8.2%). The statistical methods deployed confirmed that there is a relation between the essential oil compositions and the harvest locations. Hydrosol extract was constituted by seven components, represented principally by methyl eugenol (75.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (12.5%). The results of in vitro antifungal activity with essential oil and hydrosol extract have shown very interesting antifungal activities on Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata strains with percentage reductions up to 80%. Additionally, in in vivo assays, Ballota nigra essential oil and hydrosol extract significantly reduce decay in artificially inoculated tomato by Alternaria alternata. Conclusion: The essential oil and hydrosol extract can be used as a potential source of sustainable eco-friendly botanical fungicides to protect stored tomatoes from pathogens, saprophytic fungi causing bio-deterioration to a variety of food commodities.

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Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9626 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9626

Author(s):

Huiyu Hou ◽

Xueying Zhang ◽

Te Zhao ◽

Lin Zhou

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Main Components

Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.

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Ammoides verticillata Essential Oil as Biocontrol Agent of Selected Fungi and Pest of Olive Tree

Recent Patents on Food Nutrition & Agriculturee ◽

10.2174/2212798410666190619110251 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 182-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanane Senouci ◽

Nassira G. Benyelles ◽

Mohammed EA Dib ◽

Jean Costa ◽

Alain Muselli

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Bactrocera Oleae ◽

Penicillium Crustosum ◽

Ammoides Verticillata ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: Ammoides verticillata Briq is an aromatic and medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine for treatment of several types of pathologies such as respiratory problems, colds, fever, headache, gastric disorders and renal infections. Objective: Essential oils have been subjected of numerous works for their antimicrobial and insecticidal properties which have been valued by hundreds of publications and patents. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition, and the in vitro and in vivo antifungal, and insecticidal properties of essential oil of Ammoides verticillata. Methods: In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Ammoides verticillata were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil isolated was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oil was investigated against four plant fungi using radial growth technique. The effect of the essential oil on disease development of olive caused by Penicillium crustosum and Aspergillus niger in the in vivo conditions. The fumigation test of the essential oil was evaluated against L3 stages, pupas and adults of Bactrocera oleae known as the olive fly. Results: The essential oil of A. verticillata was characterized mainly by carvacrol (44.3%), limonene (19.3%) and p-cymene (19.2%). The result of in vitro antifungal activity of essential oil showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani strains with percentage inhibition of 89%. Furthermore, oil of A. verticillata has demonstrated promising in vivo antifungal activity to control infections of olives caused by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium crustosum. In addition, the essential oil exhibited fumigation toxicity against Bactrocera oleae with mortality percentage of 100% at 2 μL/L air. Conclusion: The results showed that essential oil of A. verticillata has interesting biological activities, which suggests that oil have the potential to be used as biocide to protect olives of pathogenic fungi and pests.

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In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against Penicillium expansum in figs (Ficus carica L.)

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2021.1310.42 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 275-278

Author(s):

P. Calvo ◽

M.S. Blanco ◽

M.J. Rodríguez ◽

M.J. Serradilla ◽

F. Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

In Vivo Antifungal Activity

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In vitro and In vivo Antifungal Activity of Culture Filtrates and Organic Extracts of Penicillium sp. and Gliocladium spp. against Botrytis cinerea

Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology ◽

10.4172/2157-7471.1000427 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Hassine M ◽

Jabnoun Khiareddine H ◽

Aydi Ben Abdallah R ◽

Daami Remadi M

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Culture Filtrates ◽

Organic Extracts ◽

In Vivo Antifungal Activity

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Ethyl p -coumarate exerts antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo against fruit Alternaria alternata via membrane-targeted mechanism

International Journal of Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 278 ◽

pp. 26-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Wusun Li ◽

Shuzhi Yuan ◽

Jing Sun ◽

Qianqian Li ◽

Weibo Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Alternaria Alternata

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In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Polysulfides-Rich Essential Oil of Ferula Latisecta Fruits against Human Pathogenic Dermatophytes

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300929 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mehrdad Iranshahi ◽

Abdolmajid Fata ◽

Bahareh Emami ◽

Bibi Mohadeseh Jalalzadeh Shahri ◽

Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution ◽

Sulfur Containing ◽

Type Strains ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The increase in dermatophytoses and the fact that some patients do not respond well to therapy make it necessary to find new antifungal agents. As part of our ongoing studies on medicinal plants from Iran, we studied antidermatophytic activities of Ferula latisecta essential oil, which had shown considerable antifungal activity in preliminary antimicrobial screening. Antifungal activity was evaluated by determination of MIC values using the agar dilution method on type strains of Candida albicans and dermatophytes. The composition of the oil was characterized by GC and GC/MS analyses. The essential oil was rich in polysulfides (75.2%) and exhibited good activity against Trichophyton rubrum and T. verrucosom for about three weeks, with a MIC value 96 μg/mL. The oil showed antifungal activity, especially against dermatophytes, and the activity is probably related to the sulfur-containing components of the oil. This study has identified that the polysulfides-rich essential oil of Ferula latisecta fruits has activity against a range of human pathogenic dermatophytes, justifying future clinical trials to validate its use as a therapeutic alternative for dermatophytosis.

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