Mathematical Modelling of Extraction Yield, Glycosaponin and Eurycomanone Content from Eurycoma longifolia Roots

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abirame Segaran ◽  
Lee Suan Chua ◽  
Sivakumar Kumaresan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Mass Transfer Limitation ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
And Diffusion

Aim: The technique of modeling was used to predict the performance of herbal extraction. Background: Eurycoma longifolia is a traditional herb which is widely used to promote overall well-being by local folks in South East Asia. Objective: The objective of this study was to model the extraction yield, glycosaponin and eurycomanone content from the roots of E. longifolia in a reflux system. Results: A quadratic model is well-fitted to the yield of extraction, while a linear model is proposed for the extraction of eurycomanone which is significantly affected by temperature. The single step of reflux process revealed that glycosaponin extraction behaves linearly with temperature and particle size, but in inverse direction. However, further reflux process using crude extract prior to gravimetric precipitation could produce higher content of glycosaponin which can be explained using a quadratic model. Conclusion: The extraction of eurycomanone was faster than glycosaponin because the mass transfer and diffusion coefficients of eurycomanone was about two times larger than glycosaponin. Other: This could be due to larger molecular size of glycosaponin, and thus higher mass transfer limitation to diffuse from plant cells into solvent during extraction.

Serial Extraction Technique of Rich Antibacterial Compounds in Sargassum cristaefolium Using Different Solvents and Testing their Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Susilo ◽  
Abd. Rohim ◽  
Midia Lestari W. H.
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Cinnamic Aldehyde ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

Background: S. cristaefolium is the brown seaweed extracted using the serial technique with different solvents. Methods: S. cristaefolium powder (50 mesh) was extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol respectively. The S. cristaefolium powder residue had been dried before being re-extracted with the next different solvents. Three serial extracts were obtained and named as the 1-stage extract, 2-stage extract, and 3-stage extract. Besides, a single-step extract (extraction using only methanol) was also produced to compare with three serial extracts in antibacterial activity tests (against E. coli and S. aureus). The three serial extracts were detected their antibacterial compounds using GC-MS, LC-HRMS, and FT-IR. Results: The 3-stage extract had the highest extraction yield. On S. aureus, the inhibition zone in all extracts was not significantly different. On E.coli, the highest inhibition zone (5.42±0.14 mm) was the 3-stage extract, indeed it is higher than both antibiotic and a single-step extract. Phenol, 9-Tricosene(Z)-, palmitic acid, and oleamide were contained in all extracts. Other antibacterial compound types, both the 1-stage and 2-stage extracts contained 8 types whilst the 3-stage extract contained the most types (12 types). Particularly, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde and betaine were detected only in the 3-stage extract with the dominant area. The carboxylic acid groups were detected in all extracts to confirm the fatty acid structure. Several cinnamic aldehyde groups were detected only in the 3-stage extract. Conclusions: Thus, the extraction technique serially could produce the 3-stage extract which has the strongest antibacterial activity and the richest antibacterial compounds.

scholarly journals Effects of Ultrasonic-Microwave-Assisted Technology on Hordein Extraction from Barley and Optimization of Process Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Guan ◽  
Lv Li ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Sen Li
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
The Difference

We investigated the process intensification of ultrasonic-microwave-assisted technology for hordein extraction from barley. Response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the extraction conditions and to analyze the interaction between four selected variables: temperature, microwave power, ultrasonic power, and extraction time. The validated extraction yield of hordein reached 8.84% at 78°C, microwave power 298 W, and ultrasonic power 690 W after 20 min as optimum conditions. Compared with traditional water-bath extraction (4.7%), the ultrasonic-microwave-assisted technology effectively increased the hordein extraction yield and shortened the extraction time. According to the obtained quadratic model (R2 = 0.9457), ultrasonic power and extraction time were the first two significant factors. However, temperature limited the effects of other factors during extraction. SDS-PAGE and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the hordein extract and to clarify the difference between the two hordein fractions extracted with new and traditional methods, respectively. Ultrasonic-microwave-assisted technology provided a new way to improve hordein extraction yield from barley and could be a good candidate for industrial application of process intensification.

scholarly journals Jet aeration as alternative to overcome mass transfer limitation of stirred bioreactors

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Weber ◽  
Sebastian Schaepe ◽  
Stephan Freyer ◽  
Michael-Helmut Kopf ◽  
Christian Dietzsch
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer Limitation ◽  
Stirred Bioreactors

Positive Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-294
Author(s):  
Anuragini Shirish
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Health Market ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
And Diffusion

Given the crucial need to bridge the mental health service divide, the author examines the emerging trends in digital well-being management by focusing on the mobile health market. Using a bottom-up perspective and leveraging literature from positive technology and generalized unsafety theory of stress, the author conceptualizes how positive technology as a mobile health solution can help end users to respond effectively to different kinds of stressors during a crisis. It is further argued that the use of positive technology can positively reverse the automatic route to mental ill health that is plausible in the absence of safety perceptions. The chapter offers a theory-driven conceptualization of digital coping through positive technology. By showing how a simple, scalable, and sustainable positive technology design can cater to different user segments, the author urges policymakers, entrepreneurs, and healthcare service providers to participate in the design, propagation, adoption, and diffusion of such holistic positive technologies for fostering societal resilience.

scholarly journals Designing a Mesoporous Zeolite Catalyst for Products Optimizing in n-Decane Hydrocraking

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tan ◽  
Xiaoyu Guo ◽  
Xinhua Gao ◽  
Noritatsu Tsubaki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Spillover ◽  
Mesoporous Zeolite ◽  
Mesoporous Catalyst ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Effect Factors ◽  
And Diffusion

Mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite is developed to enhance the catalytic performance in a hydrocracking reaction. The generated mesopores and mesoporous channels in the new catalyst supply more opportunities for reactant accessing the active sites according to the better mass transfer and diffusion. Meanwhile, the acidity of the mesoporous catalyst is also weakened because of the removal of Si and Al species from its MFI structure, which makes the products distribution drift to more valued chemicals such as olefins. In the modified mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites via different metallic promoters, the olefins’ selectivity increases as the alkalinity of the catalyst increases. The reason for this is that the formed olefins will be further hydrogenated into corresponding alkanes immediately over the extremely acidic zeolite catalyst. Hence, the moderate alkalinity will limit this process, while at the same time the remaining olefins products will too. Furthermore, the Pd-based mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite shows an excellent n-decane conversion and high propane selectivity due to the occurrence of hydrogen spillover via the Pd promoter. The phenomenon of hydrogen spillover supplies more chemisorbed sites of hydrogen atoms for hydrocracking and hydrogenating in this reaction. In short, this study explores the important effect factors in n-decane hydrocracking reaction activity and products distribution. It also shows a potential for the further industrial application of petroleum-derived fuel hydrocracking according to the optimized products distribution under metallic promoted mesoporous zeolite.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling on non-dispersive extraction of germanium from aqueous solutions using Aliquat 336

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2489-2499
Author(s):  
Hossein Kamran Haghighi ◽  
Mehdi Irannajad ◽  
Agustin Fortuny ◽  
Ana Maria Sastre
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Aliquat 336 ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Flat Sheet Membrane ◽  
Error Bias ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract In this work, the mathematical modeling of the facilitated transport of germanium (non-dispersive extraction) through a flat sheet membrane with an Aliquat 336 carrier was described. The flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) experiments were performed under conditions germanium ≈ 100 mg/L, tartaric acid concentration of 2.76 mmol/L, and carrier concentrations of 2.5–10%v/v. The extraction equilibrium, mass transfer, and diffusion equations based on Fick's law were the principles of modeling. Modeling was carried out by programming in Matlab mathematical software to obtain the extraction (Kex) and mass transfer constants (Km) as the objective parameters. According to the model resolution, Kex and Km were found to be 0.178 and 9.25 × 10−2 cm/s, respectively. The correlation coefficients between model and experimental data relating to the Aliquat 336 concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%v/v were found as 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, and 0.92. The parameters of root mean square error, bias, and scatter index showed the model accuracy. In addition, diffusion coefficients relating to Aliquat 336 concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%v/v were calculated using mass transfer coefficients to be 2.4 × 10−4, 2.23 × 10−4, 1.91 × 10−4, and 1.79 × 10−4 cm2/s, respectively.

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